INTRODUCTION Nephrolithiasis is a common multifactorial kidney disease with worldwide distribution. Compelling evidence, regarding the function of kidney in maintaining the body homeostasis, suggests the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Glutathione peroxidase 1 is a major antioxidant enzyme, preventing oxidative damage to renal cells by detoxifying hydrogen and l...

PURPOSE According to previous studies, vitamin D exhibits protective effects against breast cancer via the vitamin D receptor (VDR). There is growing evidence that breast cancer incidence is associated with various polymorphisms of the VDR gene. This study investigates the association of VDR poly(A) microsatellite variants with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels and breast cancer risk. ...

BACKGROUND The expression of MMP genes has been demonstrated to be associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and survival rate for a variety of cancers. The functional promoter polymorphism MMP-2 C-735T is associated with decreased expression of the MMP-2 gene. The aim of present study was to detect any association between MMP-2 C-735T and susceptibility to breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHO...

BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can lead to drastic problems for the patient and its worldwide prevalence is 5%-12%. It also has many comorbidities with other disorders, and the genetic contribution seems the most significant cause. OBJECTIVES The current study was conducted to investigate the association between norepinephrine transporter-3081 (A/T) polymorphisms a...

The p53 gene is one of the most extensively studied human genes because of its role as a tumor suppressor. A common polymorphism of the p53 gene at codon 72 has been associated with human cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Human papilloma virus (HPV) has also been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancers. In this study, we investigated codon 72 polymorphism in 40 eso...

BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more miscarriages before the 20(th) week of gestation and its etiology is unknown in 50% of the cases. Interleukin 6 is an immune mediator, plays a regulatory role in embryo implantation and placental development. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to assess the association between IL-6 -634C/G polymorphism and, susceptibility to idiopathi...

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of mortality. Factor V Leiden (FVL), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, and prothrombin (FII) G20210A polymorphisms are the main inherited risk factors for VTE. Since evidence is limited on homozygotes, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between homozygous variants of these polymorphisms and VTE in Sh...

the objective of the present study was to detect polymorphism in follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) and beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone (fshβ) genes and their relation to litter size and body weight trait in baluchi, iran black and arman sheep breeds. pcr-rflp technique using acci and hinfi enzyme treatments employed to detection of polymorphism in fshβ marker site but de...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous abortion is considered as the most complex problem during pregnancy. Thrombophilia is resumed as a cause of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) gene is involved in thrombosis and abortion. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and is involved in thrombosis. The most common polymorphism in this gene is the inser...

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar is a parasitic disease caused by a protozoan of Leishmania genus and in Iran by Leishmania infantum. Cytokines have a major role in determining progression and severity of clinical manifestations in VL. The role of TGF-β1 in VL has been recognized since 1992. We investigated polymorphism in the TGF-β1 gene, which is a cytokine known to have...