It was previously reported that poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) regulated ionizing radiation (IR)-induced autophagy in CNE-2 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The present study aimed to investigate whether PARP-1-mediated IR-induced autophagy occurred via activation of the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian targ...

The colours of many feldspars are enhanced by natural radiation. The same phenomenon can be simulated by X-ray radiation in the laboratory. The changes of colour and the formation of defect centers in different feldspars including one microcline (amazonite) after X-ray irradiation has been investigated using e.p.r. spectroscopy [1]. The main colours of amazonite are green, bluish green and blue...

Radiation-resistant bacteria have garnered a great deal of attention from scientists seeking to expose the mechanisms underlying their incredible survival abilities. Recent analyses showed that the resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum is dependent upon Mn-antioxidant complexes responsible for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by r...

Stomatal responses to light are important determinants for plant water use efficiency and for general circulation models, but a mechanistic understanding of these responses remains elusive. A recent study [Pieruschka R, Huber G, Berry JA (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:13372-13377] concluded that stomata respond to total absorbed radiation rather than red and blue light as previously thought....

Multi Wall Carbon NanoTubes (MWCNT) are one-dimensional structures with diameters ranging between 5 and 30 nm and lengths up to hundreds of micrometers. They show a metallic-like behaviour and enhanced field emission capability; their sensitivity to the radiation is very peculiar, depending on their diameter and chirality. The wide range of their bandgaps (from 0.4 to o 6 eV) makes these device...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a human neurodegenerative disease, and its global prevalence is predicted to increase dramatically in the following decades. There is mounting evidence describing the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on the brain, suggesting that exposure to IR might ultimately favor the development of AD. Therefore better understanding the possible connections between exposure to ...

Follistatin is a potent regulator of the inflammatory response and binds to and inhibits activin A action. Activin A is a member of the TGFβ protein superfamily which has regulatory roles in the inflammatory response and in the fibrotic process. Fibrosis can occur following cell injury and cell death induced by agents such as ionizing radiation (IR). IR is used to treat cancer and marked fibrot...

The biological effects of high-dose total body ionizing irradiation [(thereafter, irradiation (IR)] are attributed to primary oxidative breakage of biomolecule targets, mitotic, apoptotic and necrotic cell death in the dose-limiting tissues, clastogenic and epigenetic effects, and cascades of functional and reactive responses leading to radiation sickness defined as the acute radiation syndrome...

From the early 1900s, it has been known that ionizing radiation (IR) impairs hematopoiesis through a variety of mechanisms. IR exposure directly damages hematopoietic stem cells and alters the capacity of bone marrow stromal elements to support and/or maintain hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro. Exposure to IR induces dose-dependent declines in circulating hematopoietic cells not only through r...

The inhibition of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) pathway through the suppression of mutated Ras or MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) has been shown to sensitize tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR). The molecular mechanisms of this sensitization however, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of transforming growth fact...