Nanoporous carbon-based supercapacitors store electricity through adsorption of ions from the electrolyte at the surface of the electrodes. Room temperature ionic liquids, which show the largest ion concentrations among organic liquid electrolytes, should in principle yield larger capacitances. Here, we show by using electrochemical measurements that the capacitance is not significantly affecte...

By employing (1)H NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulations, we provide an explanation for recent observations that the aqueous solubilities of ionic liquids exhibit salting-out to salting-in regimes upon addition of distinct inorganic salt ions. Using a typical ionic liquid [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide], we observed the existence of preferential specific inte...

The phase behavior of poly(styrene-block-2-vinylpyridine) copolymer solutions in an imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide ([Im][TFSI]) ionic liquid has been studied using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and optical transmission characterization. Through scaling analysis of SAXS data, we demonstrate that the [Im][TFSI] ionic liquid behaves as a selective solvent toward one of the bloc...

We give an explicit formula for the membrane potential of cells in terms of the intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations, and derive equations for the ionic currents that flow through channels, exchangers and electrogenic pumps based on simple energy considerations and conservation laws. We demonstrate that the work done by the pump is equal to the potential energy of the cell plus ...

ABSRACT Ionic channels are proteins with holes down their middle that control access to biological cells and thus govern an enormous range of biological functions important in health and disease. A substantial fraction of the drugs used in clinical medicine act directly or indirectly on channels. Channels have a simple well defined structure, and the fundamental mechanism of ionic motion is kno...

The antibacterial activity of a series of ionic liquids containing short-chained 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations ([Cnmim+]; n = 2, 4, 6 and 8) and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide anion ([Tf2N]) against E. coli and B. subtilis was measured, for the first time. All ILs used in this work were synthesized and analyzed by Fourier transform i...

Stable isotopes (Deuterium and Oxygen-18) have a broad application in many of water related sciences. Precipitation is the most important input to the water cycle which shows considrable spatial and temporal variability in its isotope content. To study the precipitation isotope content, 51 samples from August 2015 to July 2016 have been collected mainly on a monthly basis with few events based ...

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays an indispensable role in stabilizing lithium metal batteries (LMBs). An ideal SEI is supposed to impede the degradation on anodes while allowing lithium-ion transport. However, ionic transport mechanism not fully understood. Herein, first-principles calculations are performed probe inorganic and of carrier concentration highlighted. The low conductivity ...

Colloidal clay in water suspensions are known to exhibit a multitude of bulk phases depending on initial colloidal concentration and ionic strength, and examples of this include repulsive Wigner colloidal glasses at low ionic strength and attractive gels at higher ionic strength due to screened electrostatic forces by the electrolyte. From confocal Raman microscopy combined with elasticity meas...

The observed standard free energy change (AGtbs) for the ATP-pyrophosphorylase reaction (EC 3.6.1.8) has been calculated for near physjological conditions of temperature, ionic strength, and free magnesium concentration. The observed equilibrium constant (Kobs) for the acetyl-CoA synthetase reaction (EC 6.2.1.1) has been determined at both 25 and 38”, pH 7.0, ionic strength 0.25, and varying fr...