SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial ion channels/transporters and the electron transport chain (ETC) serve as key sensors and regulators for cellular redox signaling, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) in mitochondria, and balancing cell survival and death. Although the functional and pharmacological characteristics of mitochondrial ion transport mechanisms have b...

In this study, the effects of high-LET radiation on DNA were investigated and compared with the effects of gamma radiation. Hydrated DNA samples at 77 K were irradiated with argon-ion beams ((36)Ar or (40)Ar beam at energies between 60 and 100 MeV/nucleon). The individual free radicals formed were identified and their yields were investigated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Argon-ion i...

Isolated ion pairs of a conventional ionic liquid, 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim(+)][Tf(2)N(-)]), and a reactive hypergolic ionic liquid, 1-Butyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Dicyanamide ([Bmim(+)][Dca(-)]), are generated by vaporizing ionic liquid submicrometer aerosol particles for the first time; the vaporized species are investigated by dissociative ionizatio...

A simple analytical system suitable for nephelometric measurements is introduced in this article. The electronic and optical components are simplified so that the apparatus is easily assembled from materials that are generally available. This instrument is designed for the efficient measurement of anions, and microgram quantities of ions may be determined by a convenient method of titration...

We make use of the results of a one-ion model of McKenzie et al. (1997) to obtain the critical solution describing the acceleration of a two-ion solar wind. The model includes preferential heating of the heavy ion species and the temperature anisotropy expected if the heating is predominantly due to ioncyclotron damping. The relationship of the model to the picture emerging from UVCS/SOHO obser...

The accumulation of ion densities in the beam pipe of an electron beam accelerator can disturb the beam’s dynamics. Efforts to clear this ion cloud from the beam pipe rely on assumptions about its composition, and this work concerns the construction of a detector to determine the concentration of different ion species and charge states in the CESR and ERL beam pipes. This report describes the d...

The thermodynamic activities of ion pairs were measured el~ctrometrically in a series of aqueous mixtures of monoionic bentonite and the corresponding chlorides. Ion exchange membranes and Ag-AgC1 electrodes were used. The lyotropie order for the various cation species varied somewhat for two different preparations. The apparent relative escaping tendencies of the various cations did not corres...