Lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIB) have governed the current worldwide rechargeable battery market due to their outstanding energy and power capability. In particular, the LIB’s role in enabling electric vehicles (EVs) has been highlighted to replace the current oil-driven vehicles in order to reduce the usage of oil resources and generation of CO 2 gases. Unlike Li, sodium is one of the more abu...

Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy, it’s development, design and use are introduced. The theory behind modelling ion current flow into the SICM probe tip and the problems involved with analytically modelling the current flow are then briefly discussed. A numerical simulation using the Finite Difference Method is then used to model the current flow as the microscope probe tip approaches a flat ...

Grid current levels were obtained at various operating points of a T5 ion thruster using flightmodel extraction grids. Because of the improved grid design and precision fabrication, better analysis of the dependence of grid current on operating point could be performed. The decel current can be explained largely in terms of impingement by charge exchange ions. However, accel current levels are ...

A theory Is presented for a method, recently proposed by Hester and Sonln, of determining the Ion temperature In a plasma by measuring the transient current response of a highly negative, cylindrical Langmuir probe under conditions where collection Is collision-free and the ratio of probe radius to Debye length Is small. The Ion component of the current does not approach Its final, steady-state...

Sodium ion influx and outflux were measured sinmltaneously, with two radioactive isotopes, in the cat ciliary body isolated in vitro. Measurements of membrane potential or short-circuit current were made concurrently with the isotope studies. In the non-short-circuited membrane, where the membrane electromotive force assisted sodium influx, the sodium ion current was two to three times larger t...

Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are very applicable to low standby-power application by their virtues of low off-current (Ioff) and small subthreshold swing (S). However, low on-current (Ion) of silicon-based TFETs has been pointed out as a drawback. To improve Ion of TFET, a gate-all-around (GAA) TFET based on III-V compound semiconductor with InAs/InGaAs/InP multiple-heterojunction...

Using the chambered gastric segment preparation it was found that application of current from serosa to mucosa resulted in an increase in H+ ion production and a decrease in Clion secretion. Following the application of current from serosa to mucosa the secretory rate was essentially the same as before current application. Application of current from mucosa to serosa resulted in a decrease in H...

We demonstrate a nonlinear, nonequilibrium field-driven ion flux phenomenon, which unlike Teorell's nonlinear multiple field theory, requires only the application of one field: robust autonomous current-mass flux oscillations across a porous monolith coupled to a capillary with a long air bubble, which mimics a hydrophobic protein in an ion channel. The oscillations are driven by the hysteretic...

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a versatile high-resolution microscopy tool, and perhaps the most widely used imaging platform across many engineering and scientific fields [1]. Within the last decade, another microscopy technique based on a gaseous field ionization source, utilizing Helium and Neon ions has been introduced [2]. While the popularity of the SEM is hardly challenged by ...