Batteries help advance technologies ranging from portable electronics to renewable power systems and environmentally friendly vehicles. One such technology is the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), which uses a battery and an electric motor in conjunction with a combustion engine to increase fuel effi ciency. For HEV applications, nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery chemistry is presently the norm...

We use a high-gain adaptive observer and a trend filtering algorithm to detect early stages that lead to terminal voltage collapses in Li-ion batteries. This approach allows accurate detection without having sophisticated battery models. Theoretical analysis proves that the physical Li-ion battery becomes unstable when the estimated states of the observer enters instability. The trend filtering...

High-performance miniature power sources could enable new microelectronic systems. Here we report lithium ion microbatteries having power densities up to 7.4 mW cm(-2) μm(-1), which equals or exceeds that of the best supercapacitors, and which is 2,000 times higher than that of other microbatteries. Our key insight is that the battery microarchitecture can concurrently optimize ion and electron...