Solvent extraction–spectrophotometries based on ion association formation have been established for the improvement of the sensitivity for the determination of ionic compounds such as anionic and cationic surfactants using hydrophobic dye ions. For example, anionic surfactants were determined using Methylene Blue,1 Ethyl Violet,2 Co(III)-5-Cl-PADAP3 and Malachite Green.4 Bromocresol Green,5 2,6...

occupational therapy in iran is relatively young-established in 1971-with a fluctuated development due to the iranian revolution in 1979, and eight years war from 1981 to 1989. today, there are ten bachelor programs across the country approved by world federation of occupational therapists (wfot). furthermore, occupational therapists have opportunities for further postgraduate training in both ...

abstract precipitation is an important variable which is used in definition of drought. based on precipitation amounts, some indices are devised for drought monitoring including, the standardized precipitation index (spi) and the standard index of annual precipitation (siap). each of these drought indices are classified into some classes so that each class descripts a given severity of drought....

fauna of the aphidiinae (hymenoptera: braconidae) of iran is reviewed and the data on their host aphid associations are summarized. seventy-eight species belonging to 17 genera of aphidiinae are listed in the associations with 193 aphid species. a total of 491 parasitoid-aphid associations are presented. the distribution of the aphidiinae species in different parts of iran and other countries i...

chromatomyia horticola (goureau) (diptera: agromyzidae) is a highly polyphagous leaf miner that causes severe damage to different crops. sampling on the alysiinae (braconidae) parasitoids of c. horticola was performed at various locations of kermanshah province during 2009–2010. infested leaves of host plants bearing the larvae and puparia of c. horticola were collected and placed inside the pl...

objective: bipolar i disorder is a common disorder with a complex etiology. a genetic approach is gaining increasing importance in this disorder. the dysbindin gene, located at 6p22.3 is considered a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. certain genotypes of dysbindin are thought to be associated with other psychoses such as bipolar disorders. this study intends to assess the association in pr...

Intermolecular ion pairs (salt bridges) are crucial for protein-DNA association. For two protein-DNA complexes, we demonstrate that the ion pairs of protein side-chain NH3+ and DNA phosphate groups undergo dynamic transitions between distinct states in which the charged moieties are either in direct contact or separated by water. While the crystal structures of the complexes show only the solve...

Neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution has been used to characterize the bulk liquid structure of the technologically relevant electrolyte solution, 1 M tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPA Br) in acetonitrile (acn), and of pure deuterated acetonitrile. Empirical potential structure refinement modeling procedures have been used to extract detailed structural information about solvent-solven...