Increasing use of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in the biological and environmental fields has generated demand for high-sensitivity ISEs. However, improving the sensitivities of ISEs remains a challenge because of the limit of the Nernstian slope (59.2/n mV). Here, we present a universal ion detection method using an electronic integrated multi-electrode system (EIMES) that bypasses the Nern...

An overview is given dealing with the application of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in environmental analysis. ISEs are placed into the context of the trend of development of sensors for extensive and frequent monitoring. Discussed are the issues such as sensing platforms and their mass-production, improvement of precision, diagnostic of sensor functionality, and development of reference elect...

In this research, monocrystalline gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) nanobelts were synthesized through oxidation of metal gallium at high temperature. An electronic device, based on an individual Ga₂O₃ nanobelt on Pt interdigital electrodes (IDEs), was fabricated to investigate the electrical characteristics of the Ga2O3 nanobelt in a dry atmosphere at room temperature. The current-voltage (I-V) and I/V-t ...

Ta-based compounds show Pt-like behavior: Binary tantalum compounds as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) demonstrate Pt-like electrocatalytic activity and competitive photovoltaic performance, matching the performance of DSCs with Pt CEs. The first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a strategy for understanding the relationship between the...

A theoretical treatment of the time-dependent potential response of ion-selective electrodes to sample solutions containing primary and interfering ions is presented. The theory accounts for the influence of ion fluxes in the electrode membrane and the contacting aqueous sample layer and describes the variations in the apparent selectivity behavior as a function of the measuring time. The appli...

In the last four decades, the uses and application of ion-selective electrodes was widely applied in several researches as well as analytical projects. These electrodes are varied between solid state electrodes, liquid membrane electrodes, gas membrane electrodes, and plastic membrane electrodes. Plasticizers are one of the major components of the plastic membranes. As it is usually known, they...

A theory for the interpretation of the operation mechanism of ion-selective membrane electrodes is briefly outlined. The statements are based on the accumulated results concerning the electrochemical and spectrochemical behaviour of ion-selective membranes.

We analyzed 93 sera and 81 whole-blood samples, plus several aqueous materials and one serum-based material as controls, with two analyzers for ionized calcium (Radiometer ICA 1 and AVL 980). On 16 days, comparisons of results for patients' samples were good, with nearly all between-instrument differences (delta Ca2+) of samples being within 0.04 mmol/L. On 12 days, comparisons were mediocre, w...

A highly sensitive analytical method is required for the assessment of nanomolar perchlorate contamination in drinking water as an emerging environmental problem. We developed the novel approach based on a voltammetric ion-selective electrode to enable the electrochemical detection of "redox-inactive" perchlorate at a nanomolar level without its electrolysis. The perchlorate-selective electrode...

Accurate measurements of soil macronutrients (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are needed for efficient agricultural production, including site-specific crop management (SSCM), where fertilizer nutrient application rates are adjusted spatially based on local requirements. Rapid, non-destructive quantification of soil properties, including nutrient levels, has been possible with optica...