We show that the common proof technique of padding a circuit before IO obfuscation is sometimes necessary. That is, assuming indistinguishability obfuscation (IO) and one-way functions exist, we define samplers Sam0, which outputs (aux0, C0), and Sam1, which outputs (aux1, C1) such that: • The distributions (aux0, iO(C0)) and (aux1, iO(C1)) are perfectly distinguishable. • For padding s = poly(...

This prospective study aimed to compare the intraosseous (IO) and intravenous (IV) effects of propofol on selected blood parameters and physiological variables during general anesthesia in rabbits. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were studied. Six rabbits received IV propofol (group 1) and another 6 rabbits, were injected propofol intraosseously (Group 2) for 30 minutes (experimental groups). ...

Indistinguishability Obfuscation (iO) has enabled an incredible number of new and exciting applications. However, our understanding of how to actually build secure iO remains in its infancy. While many candidate constructions have been published, some have been broken, and it is unclear which of the remaining candidates are secure. This work deals with the following basic question: Can we hedge...

this prospective study aimed to compare the intraosseous (io) and intravenous (iv) effects of propofol on selected blood parameters and physiological variables during general anesthesia in rabbits. thirty new zealand white rabbits were studied. six rabbits received iv propofol (group 1) and another 6 rabbits, were injected propofol intraosseously (group 2) for 30 minutes (experimental groups). ...

During respiration, abdominal muscles experience loads, not only in the muscle-fiber direction but also transverse to the fibers. We wondered whether the abdominal muscles exhibit a fiber architecture that is similar to the diaphragm muscle, and, therefore, we chose two adjacent muscles: the internal oblique (IO), with about the same muscle length as the diaphragm, and the transverse abdominis ...

INTRODUCTION Current European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines recommend intraosseous (IO) vascular access, if intravenous (IV) access is not readily available. Because central venous catheterisation (CVC) is an established alternative for in-hospital resuscitation, we compared IO access versus landmark-based CVC in adults with difficult peripheral veins. METHODS In this prospective obs...

Contemporary models of the neural system that supports reading propose that activity in a ventral occipitotemporal area (vOT) drives activity in higher-order language areas, for example, those in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and anterior superior temporal sulcus (aSTS). We used fMRI with dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to investigate evidence for other routes from visual cortex t...

Radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy (IO) may have synergistic anti-tumor effect for treating metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). However, the optimal timing of RT in relevance to IO whether it affects outcomes is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study all patients with mNSCLC treated at our institution (2011–2022). Patients who received targeted therapy or prior concurrent chem...