Compared to the case of pions the electromagnetic productions of kaons are less understood. This is due to the fact that the strangeness quantum number is explicitly present in the final state of the process. Although the reactions involving kaons are slightly more complicated, the additional degrees of freedom created by the strangeness can give information not available from nucleons and pion...

In many chemical reactions, reaction rate fluctuations are inevitable. Whenever reactions occur, rates vary due to their dependence on the number of events or products. Accordingly, understanding impact product counting statistics is utmost importance when developing a quantitative explanation reactions. this work, we examine relationship between and fluctuations. Product uncover stochastic pro...

The principle of detailed balance states that in equilibrium each elementary process is equilibrated by its reverse process. For many real physico-chemical complex systems (e.g. homogeneous combustion, heterogeneous catalytic oxidation, most enzyme reactions, etc.), detailed mechanisms include both reversible and irreversible reactions. In this case, the principle of detailed balance cannot be ...

Smoke from wildland fires is one of the sources of atmospheric anthropogenic aerosols. it can dramatically affect regional and global radiative balance. Ross et al. (1998) estimated a direct radiative forcing of nearly -20 ~ m ' for the 1995 Amazonian smoke season (August and September). Penner et al. (1992) indicated that the magnitude of the smoke global radiative forcing is comparable to tha...