background: hepatitis b with its complications has become one of the universal problems. injection drug use is one of the most important risk factors in the transmission of hepatitis b. therefore, we assessed hepatitis b virus prevalence among cases with a history of intravenous drug use (ivdu) as the first announcement-based study in this regard. materials and methods: the announcement based d...

BACKGROUND Vancouver, Canada recently opened a medically supervised injecting facility (SIF) where injection drug users (IDU) can inject pre-obtained illicit drugs. Critics suggest that the facility does not help IDU to reduce their drug use. METHODS We conducted retrospective and prospective database linkages with residential detoxification facilities and used generalized estimating equation...

Given the rapid spread of the HIV epidemic and the need to control its transmission among intravenous drug users (IDU), harm reduction strategies have been incorporated in many countries, including Brazil. Considering these aspects and taking into account the emergence of drugs as a core concern on the government's agenda, especially crack cocaine, this article presents some of the contribution...

HIV continues to spread among vulnerable heterosexual (HET), Men-having-Sex with Men (MSM) and intravenous drug user (IDU) populations, influenced by a complex array of biological, behavioral and societal factors. Phylogenetics analyses of large sequence datasets from national drug resistance testing programs reveal the evolutionary interrelationships of viral strains implicated in the dynamic ...