Radionuclide shuntography is a safe and simple method to determine shunt patency and analyze changes in CSF (Cerebro-Spinal-Fluid) flow. We present a case of complicated CSF shunt, in which radioisotopic scan correctly identified disconnection of the shunt tubing system localizing the site of extravasation accurately. The findings were confirmed by surgery performed for correction of the ...

Contrast Ultrasound Techniques in the Detection and Quantification of Patent Foramen Ovale: Myth Versus Reality—A Clarification To the Editor: We were pleased to see that our research was cited in a Letter to the Editor in Stroke, particularly in the context of paradoxical embolization and cryptogenic stroke.1 However, in both the Letter to the Editor and the Response to the Letter to the Edito...

BACKGROUND Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined by liver dysfunction, intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, and impaired oxygenation. The gold standard for detection of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations in HPS is contrast echocardiography. However, two small studies have suggested that patients with HPS have larger segmental pulmonary arterial diameters than both normal subjects and normo...

Contrast Ultrasound Techniques in the Detection and Quantification of Patent Foramen Ovale: Myth Versus Reality—A Clarification To the Editor: We were pleased to see that our research was cited in a Letter to the Editor in Stroke, particularly in the context of paradoxical embolization and cryptogenic stroke.1 However, in both the Letter to the Editor and the Response to the Letter to the Edito...

AbstractBackgroundline of treatment for management of hydrocephalus despite available new techniques andsystems of shunting. Associated complications should be recognized and managed properly,but the most recognized complications are shunt obstruction which its prevalencethrough surgical approach is discussed here. Two approaches (frontal and parietal) are usedto insert ventriculoperitoneal shu...

a 14 years old boy who had a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt since the age of 5 months, was hospitalized due to headaches, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. in abdominal ct and sonographic evaluation, pancreatic pseudocyst or mesentric cyst were suspected. evaluation of the shunt by radionuclide, however, was diagnostic and revealed a pseudocyst at the peritoneal end of the shunt. the pati...