The eŠects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of bovine b-casomorphin-5 (b-CM-5: Tyr-Pro-PhePro-Gly), a m-opioid agonist derived from milk bcasein, on step-down type passive avoidance tasks were investigated in mice. Intracerebroventricular administration of a high dose (10 mg) of b-CM-5 produced a signiˆcant decrease in step-down latency. b-Funaltrexamine (5 mg, i.c.v.) almost compl...

The gut peptide CCK is a nutrient-related signal important to the control of food intake. In the present studies, we observed that a single intraperitoneal injection of CCK (1-2 μg/kg) given 2-3 h after intracerebroventricular leptin (2-5 μg) reduced body weight and chow intake over the ensuing 48 h more than did leptin alone. CCK alone had no effect on either 48-h chow intake or body weight bu...

Influences of central alpha-2 adrenergic agonists on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated gastric acid secretion were examined in the perfused stomach of anesthetized rats. Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, given subcutaneously or intracerebroventricularly inhibited the gastric acid secretion stimulated by intracerebroventricular TRH. Intracerebroventricular injection of norep...

Our previous studies have shown that norepinephrine (NE) upregulates proinflammatory cytokines by activating alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. Therefore, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system represents a novel treatment for sepsis. We have also shown that a novel stomach-derived peptide, ghrelin, is downregulated in sepsis and that its intravenous administration decreases proinflammatory cytokines...

Over the last three decades, experiments in several mammalian species have shown that the febrile response to bacterial endotoxin is attenuated late in pregnancy. More recent evidence has established that the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes is increased in the brain late in pregnancy. The current study investigated the possible role of brain nitric oxide in mediating the pheno...

Krabbe disease (KD) is a progressive and devasting neurological disorder that leads to the toxic accumulation of psychosine in white matter central nervous system (CNS). The condition inherited via biallelic, loss-of-function mutations galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. To rescue GALC gene function CNS twitcher mouse model KD, an adeno-associated virus serotype 1 vector expressing murine under c...