Observations of the cosmic microwave background have revealed a component of 10–60 GHz emission from the Galaxy which correlates with 100–140μm emission from interstellar dust but has an intensity much greater than expected for the low-frequency tail of the “electric dipole vibrational” emission peaking at ∼130μm. This “anomalous emission” is more than can be accounted for by dust-correlated fr...

We present a statistical analysis of Galactic interstellar polarization from the largest compilation available of starlight data. The data comprises ∼ 9300 stars of which we have selected ∼ 5500 for our analysis. We find a nearly linear growth of mean polarization degree with extinction. The amplitude of this correlation shows that interstellar grains are not fully aligned with the Galactic mag...

We review the current knowledge and understanding of the interstellar medium of our galaxy. We first present each of the three basic constituents – ordinary matter, cosmic rays, and magnetic fields – of the interstellar medium, laying emphasis on their physical and chemical properties inferred from a broad range of observations. We then position the different interstellar constituents, both wit...

Space weathering is the collection of physical processes acting to erode and chemically modify planetary surfaces directly exposed to space environments of planetary magnetospheres, the heliosphere, and the local interstellar environment of the solar system. Space weathering affects the physical and optical properties of the surfaces of planetary bodies, so understanding its specifics is critic...

We present the results of three dimensional calculations for the MHD evolution of an adiabatic supernova remnant in both a uniform and turbulent interstellar medium using the RIEMANN framework of Balsara. In the uniform case, which contains an initially uniform magnetic field, the density structure of the shell remains largely spherical, while the magnetic pressure and synchrotron emissivity ar...

Multi-wavelength observations from radio to soft X-ray bands of large-scale galactic spiral structures offer synthesized and comprehensive views of nearby disk galaxies. In the presence of a massive dark-matter halo, the density-wave dynamics on galactic scales involves the stellar disk, the gas disk of interstellar medium (ISM), the magnetic field, and the cosmic-ray gas (CRG). In this paper, ...

The observation and theory of UV{excitation of molecular clouds (i.e., photodissociation regions) and the shock-excitation of molecular clouds is reviewed, with particular emphasis placed on the emission from molecular hydrogen. Recent advances in near{IR instrumentation have engendered new observations which are challenging our theoretical understanding of these fundamental physical processes....

the entanglement at zero-temperature is studied in a two-qubit xz spin-1/2 chain model in anexternal magnetic field which is applied in the z direction. we have obtained an analytical relation forthe effect of the external magnetic field on the concurrence. it is shown that the ground state of thesystem depends on the strength of exchange coupling. we have shown that the analytical relation oft...

Disk galaxies, of which the Milky Way is a typical example, possess large scale magnetic fields. The interstellar gas in which the fields reside is removed and replaced on a timescale of about 1/10 of the age of the Galaxy, and the new gas must acquire a magnetic field of the correct strength and direction on this timescale in order to maintain a steady state. The outstanding problem facing all...