The traditional interpretation of statistical confidence is mathematically descriptive. As such it provides little guidance for decision making. Three alternate interpretations of confidence are presented: the Bayesian, the pragmatic and one proposed by the author labeled herein as the neoclassical. Each alternate explanation argues that in some way a confidence interval and a numerically equiv...

Feature modeling is a popular domain analysis method for describing the commonality and variability among the domain products. The current formalisms of feature modelling do not have enough support for automated domain product configuration and validation. We have developed a theory of feature modeling: a feature model is analogous to a definition of a language; a particular feature composition...

Prophylaxis with intermittent or continuous ketoconazole One RCT found that oral ketoconazole (given either intermittently or continuously at a lower dose) versus placebo significantly reduced symptomatic recurrences over 6 months (NNT 2–4). Ketoconazole is associated with an increased frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects, and case reports have associated ketoconazole with a low risk o...

Although the chances of predicting a preventable fracture by bone densitometry may be small, it is also important that two thirds of patients can be reassured that fracture is less likely and therefore long term treatment is not needed. That there is overuse, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment for osteoporosis is due not to bone densitometry or to epidemiological reports but to various factors, i...

Introduction Utah’s wetlands provide a constellation of recreational opportunities, from sailing to photography, fishing to birdand wildlife-watching, hunting to picnicking. Even more important are the roles wetlands play in the functioning of Utah’s ecosystems. These roles include flood control, maintenance of groundwater quality and levels, pollution control, water purification, and the provi...

Error-correction models for cointegrated economic variables are commonly interpreted as reflecting partial adjustment of one variable to another. We show that error-correction models may also arise because one variable forecasts another. Reduced-form estimates of error-correction models cannot be used to distinguish these interpretations. In an application, we show that the estimated coefficien...

In your comparison, focus on the following criteria, which should also serve as the guidelines for creating your “good” and “bad” articles. • Does the article accurately report the methods and findings of the paper? • Are the scientific details explained at an understandable level without being needlessly technical or overly simplified? • Is the significance or impact of the paper accurately re...

We outline a general approach to providing intensional models for languages with computational effects, whereby the problem of interpreting a given effect reduces to that of finding an operator of higher type satisfying certain equations. Our treatment consolidates and generalizes an idea that is already implicit in the literature on game semantics. As an example, we work out our approach in de...