As I discussed in Chapter 1, the fact that good people often have to endure great tragedies while the wicked often prosper without being punished challenges the concept that the omnipotent and benevolent God closely supervises human affairs. However, an even more serious challenge comes from the historical evils unleashed in the twentieth century—the two world wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam ...

the criminal justice and observance of human rights principles have important roles in efficiency of bodies involved in combating against terrorism. as some states like u.k. have violated several international provisions such as international civil and political covenant and the european convention of human rights, this article tries to verify anti-terrorism crime and security act (atcsa) and i...

The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi destroyed the health system in Rwanda. It is impressive that a small country like Rwanda has advanced its health system to the point of now offering near universal health insurance coverage. Through a series of strategic structural changes to its health system, catalyzed through international assistance, Rwanda has demonstrated a commitment towards improving ...

the principle of equality of arms means that each party in an action shall present her claim in an environment so that this does not put him in a worse condition compared to the other party of the trial. this principle has been internationally and locally embraced by authorities. from the perspective of international documents, the acceptance of this principle is partly influenced by the accept...

In mid-2014, there was global media coverage of a decision by the New Zealand Immigration and Protection Tribunal, heralded as the first legal recognition of ‘climate change refugees’. Despite the hype, the Tribunal had made no such finding. The case concerned a family of four from the small Pacific island State of Tuvalu, who argued, among other things, that the effects of climate change—in pa...

time limitation is one of the legal institutions of the domestic law. this institution is more welcomed in the civil law system compared to the common law. immunity, amnesty and time limitation are the most important obstacles in the ending of impunity culture. immunity is a international phenomenon, whereas amnesty and time limitation are considered as domestic elements. international criminal...

this paper comments on the principles that informed rwanda’s successful efforts to adapt its health system to population needs, and more specifically to reduce health inequities. the point is made that these may be universally applicable for countries as they deal with the challenges of post-2015 health agenda.

The criminal liability of child soldiers has been extensively addressed in recent years, given the growing interest as a research topic. However, one aspect was relatively unexplored: relevance being former soldier attribution for international crimes committed by members an armed group. This changed when December 2016, Dominic Ongwen’s case started before International Criminal Court against h...