Background and Objectives: Test anxiety is one of the most common types of anxieties in the learning environment that can be correlated with the psychological well-being of university students. However, the religious orientation of the individuals may have effects on this relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the correlation between test anxiety and psychological well-being, emph...

France and the United States are both secular Western countries that are founded upon similar Enlightenment ideals. By virtue of these similarities, one might expect these countries to have similar relationships between church and state. In actuality, however, the secularism that France and the United States both value is a very loosely defined concept whose interpretation and application can w...

Linear eigenvalue analysis of cracked cylindrical shells under combined internal pressure and axial compression is carried out to study the effect of crack type, size and orientation on the buckling behavior of cylindrical thin shells. Two types of crack are considered; through crack and thumbnail crack. Our calculations indicate that depending on the crack type, length, orientation and the int...

An intriguing unanswered question about the evolution of bilateral animals with internal skeletons is how an internal skeleton evolved in the first place. Computational modeling of the development of bilateral symmetric organisms suggests an answer to this question. Our hypothesis is that an internal skeleton may have evolved from a bilaterally symmetric ancestor with an external skeleton. By g...

Religion is a conduit for expressing spirituality. Since most mainstream religions condemn any form of homosexuality one would expect that gay men and lesbians would have little to do with spirituality. Experts, however, believe that gay and lesbian individuals would especially benefit from spiritual nourishment because of the oppression they face. Using an instrument that measures spiritual we...

Introduction: Marital satisfaction is a positive relationship with spouse’s family, positive dynamism in the original family, self-esteem and religious homogeneity of couples. Religion is one of the most effective spiritual fulcrums that are able to provide the meaning of life in every moment of life. Religious beliefs and credence are important factors in marital satisfaction. The main p...