We introduce groupoids – generalisations of groups in which not all pairs of elements may be multiplied, or, equivalently, categories in which all morphisms are invertible – as the appropriate algebraic structures for dealing with conditional symmetries in Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). We formally define the Full Conditional Symmetry Groupoid associated with any CSP, giving bounds fo...

In the general setting of groupoid enriched categories, notions of suspender and looper of a map are introduced, formalizing a generalization of the classical homotopy-theoretic notions of suspension and loop space. The formalism enables subtle analysis of these constructs. In particular, it is shown that the suspender of a principal coaction splits as a coproduct. This result leads to the noti...

This study was inspired by recent successful applications of evolutionary computation to the problem of finding terms to represent arbitrarily given operations on a primal groupoid. Evolution requires that small changes in a term result in small changes in the associated term operation. We prove a theorem giving two readily testable conditions under which a groupoid must have this continuity pr...

A groupoid should be thought of as a group with many objects, or with many identities. A precise definition is given below. A groupoid with one object is essentially just a group. So the notion of groupoid is an extension of that of groups. It gives an additional convenience, flexibility and range of applications, so that even for purely group-theoretical work, it can be useful to take a path t...

In this article we explore a non-abelian torsion theory in the category of preordered groups: objects its torsion-free subcategory are partially ordered groups, whereas groups (with total order). The reflector from to has stable units, and prove that it induces monotone-light factorization system. We describe coverings relative Galois structure naturally associated with reflector, explain how t...

We show that relations in Homflypt type skein theory of an oriented [Formula: see text]-manifold text] are induced from a text]-groupoid defined the fundamental space singular links text]. The module by homomorphisms related to string topology. They appear representation groupoid into free modules on set model objects. construction is singularity stratification and relates Vassiliev theory. Sev...

The purpose of this paper is to prove two theorems which concern the position of étale groupoids among general smooth (or ”Lie”) groupoids. Our motivation comes from the non-commutative geometry and algebraic topology concerning leaf spaces of foliations. Here, one is concerned with invariants of the holonomy groupoid of a foliation [4, 34], such as the cohomology of its classifying space [14],...