نتایج جستجو برای: internal forces
تعداد نتایج: 317261 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We extend to materials with fading memory and materials with internal variables a result previously established for materials with instantaneous memory: the additive decomposability of the total energy into an internal and a kinetic part, and a representation of the latter and the inertial forces in terms of one and the same mass tensor.
We consider a brittle fracture taking account of self-equilibrated distributed microstresses. To determine how the latter can affect the crack equilibrium and growth, a model of a structured linearly elastic body is introduced consisting of two equal symmetrically arranged layers (or half-planes) connected by an interface as a prospective crack path. The interface is comprised of a discrete set...
The present study examines anticipatory control of fingertip forces during grasping based on the center of mass (CM) of a manipulated object. Subjects lifted an object using a precision grip while the fingertip forces and the angle about the vertical axis (roll) were measured. The object's CM could be shifted to the left or right of the object's center parallel to the grip axis without changing...
Cells are exposed during their lifetimes to an array of physical forces ranging from those generated by association with other cells and extracellular matrices to the constant forces placed on cells by gravity. Alterations in these forces, either with differentiation and development or changes in activity or behavior, result in modifications in the biochemistry and adaptation in structure and f...
Detailed knowledge about loading of the knee joint is essential for preclinical testing of implants, validation of musculoskeletal models and biomechanical understanding of the knee joint. The contact forces and moments acting on the tibial component were therefore measured in 5 subjects in vivo by an instrumented knee implant during various activities of daily living. Average peak resultant fo...
Although the shortening of smooth muscle at physiological lengths is dominated by an interaction between external forces (loads) and internal forces, at very short lengths, internal forces appear to dominate the mechanical behavior of the active tissue. We tested the hypothesis that, under conditions of extreme shortening and low external force, the mechanical behavior of isolated canine trache...
Developments in spin-polarized internal targets for storage rings have permitted measurements of 197 MeV polarized protons scattering from vector polarized deuterons. This work presents measurements of the polarization observables A(y), iT11, and C(y,y) in proton-deuteron elastic scattering. When compared to calculations with and without three-nucleon forces, the measurements provide further ev...
Bone drilling is an essential part of many orthopaedic surgery procedures, including those for internal fixation and for attaching prosthetics. Estimation and control of bone drilling forces are critical to prevent drill breakthrough, excessive heat generation, and mechanical damage to the bone. This paper presents a 3D finite element (FE) model for prediction of thrust forces experienced durin...
Recent industrial development of dual-arm robots has considerably leveraged interest of researchers and robot manufacturer. The big difference for this concept compared with normal single arm robots, is that these robots can save space and are able to do multitasking. The way human plan and control bimanual operation was investigated and it was learned that there was much that could be learned ...
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