BACKGROUND Many studies suggest that in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection regulate T (Treg) cells and interlukin-17-producing T help cells (Th17) are mutually antagonistic in the immune response. This study is aimed to reveal the cell differentiation environment and the significance of Treg and Th17 balance in the development of acute and chronic HBV infection. METHODS Ten patients wi...

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is a heavy metal widely used in more than 50 industries. Nephrotoxicity is a major adverse effect of chromium poisoning. The present study investigated the potential renoprotective effect of lactoferrin (Lf) against potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Beside, because previous studies suggest that interlukin-18 (IL-18) and insulin-like...

Modern methods of industrial poultry and egg production systems involve stressful practices that stimulate Escherichia coli (E. coli) activity causing endotoxic shock. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell death program genes and DNA damage induced by E. coli in the brain and liver tissues of laying hens. A total of two hundred and te...

TOPIC: Lung Pathology TYPE: Fellow Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disorder with characteristic pulmonary manifestations and typical histopathologic features. Treatment of sarcoidosis typically based on an assessment the extent, severity activity disease. Corticosteroids are considered first-line therapy for many decades; however, early initiation steroid-...

•Nine miRNAs were highly expressed in red blood cells after P. falciparum infection•Members of the let-7 family downregulated infection•Hsa-miR-451a was most abundant secreted miRNA within RBCs•The identified target genes that play roles immune responses Plasmodium falciparum, a human malaria parasite, develops (RBCs), which represent approximately 70% all cells. Additionally, RBC-derived extra...

Before the recent developments in targeted [1–4] and immune therapies [5–7], the standard systemic treatment of metastatic melanoma was limited to chemotherapy, and in selected patients interlukin-2. These standards had not changed for over a decade, and dacarbazine was the reference systemic therapy against which others were compared, despite having never been compared with best supportive car...