The degradation performance of 11 types of commercially produced degradable starch-polyethylene plastic compost bags was evaluated in municipal yard waste compost sites at Iowa State University (Ames) and in Carroll, Dubuque, and Grinnell, Iowa. Masterbatches for plastic production were provided by Archer Daniels Midland Co. (Decatur, Ill.), St. Lawrence Starch Co. Ltd. (Mississauga, Ontario, C...

Introduction: Martian meteorite studies have provided information on the composition of noble gases and nitrogen in the atmosphere and interior of planet Mars [1]. Two interior components (Chass-S, Chass-E) in Chassigny [2,3]; a mixture of interior (Chass-S) and modern Mars atmosphere in Shergottites [4], elementally fractionated atmosphere in Nakhlites [5] and ancient Mars atmosphere in ALH840...

Introduction: Ca-, Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from CV chondrites commonly show oxygen isotope heterogeneity among different mineral phases within individual inclusions reflecting the complex history of CAIs in both the solar nebula and/or parent bodies [1]. The degree of isotopic exchange is typically mineralspecific, yielding O-rich spinel, hibonite and pyroxene and O-depleted melilite and anor...

[1] The elevation history of Earth’s surface is key to understanding the geodynamic processes responsible for the rise of plateaus. We investigate the timing of Colorado Plateau uplift by estimating depositional temperatures of Tertiary lake sediments that blanket the plateau interior and adjacent lowlands using carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry (a measure of the temperature‐dependent ...

The composition of the outer 100 m of a neutron star sets the heat flux that flows outwards from the core. For an accreting neutron star in an X-ray transient, the thermal quiescent flux depends sensitively on the amount of hydrogen and helium remaining on the surface after an accretion outburst and on the composition of the underlying ashes of previous H/He burning. Because H/He has a higher t...