Techniques for reconstructing geographical history along a phylogeny can answer many interesting question about the geographical origins of species. Bayesian models based on the assumption that taxa move through a diffusion process have found many applications. However, these methods rely on diffusion processes on a plane, and do not take the spherical nature of our planet in account. This make...

Sorkhankol Wildlife Refuge with an area of 1209 ha is located in the central part of Anzali Wetland. In total, 81 species belonging to 35 families and 68 genera were surveyed and identified on the basis of a floristic study from July 2013 through June 2014. The largest families are Poaceae (11 taxa), Asteraceae (8 taxa) Apiaceae, Brassicaceae and Cyperacae (5 taxa). The dominant life forms were...

A totall of 500 Early Permian samples from the Chal-i-Sheh Formation in the Zagros Basin were examined palynollogically in order to determine the stratigraphical age of the formation and to assess the palaeogeopaphicd relatianships of this basin to the Southern and Northern Hemispheres during the Early Permian. Fifty-eight taxa were recorded including 46 pollen, 10 spore and 2 acritarch spe...

Morphological, numerical and chemical taxonomy of the genus Crataegus was studied in the East and northeast of Iran. More than 80 fresh specimens as well as 50 herbarium specimens from different localities were examind. Using vegetative and reproductive morphological characters an identification key is provided for all taxa. For numerical taxonomy 85 morphological characters were measured and t...

In a study on coprophilous fungi, different samples including cow, sheep and horse dung and mouse feces were collected from different locations in West and East Azarbaijan provinces (NW Iran). Isolation of the fungi was done based on moist chamber culture method. Purification of the isolated fungi was done by single spore culture method. Several fungal taxa were obtained. Identification of the ...

there are many freshwater snails involved in the life cycle of parasitic flukes. some of these animals, such as bulinus spp and lymnaea spp are very important in public health and veterinary medicine. for example, bulinus trucatus and lymnaeid snails transmit human bilharziosis and zoonotic fascioliosis, respectively. for this reason most freshwater bodies of northern iran, were searched for po...

One of the important issues in data mining is the subjective “interestingness” problem. It has been shown that in many situations a huge number of patterns can be discovered from a database. Most of these patterns are actually useless or uninteresting to the user. But because of the huge number of patterns, it is difficult for the user to identify those patterns that are of interest to him/her....

The geometric and arithmetic properties of a smooth algebraic variety X are reflected by the configuration of its subvarieties. A principal invariant of these are the Chow groups CHp(X), defined to be the group of codimension-p algebraic cycles modulo rational equivalence. For p = 1 these groups are classical and well understood. For p > = 2 they are nonclassical in character and constitute a m...

We show that current experimental constraints already severely restrict what might be observable at eµ colliders. We identify some cases where it may be possible to probe physics beyond what might be possible at other facilities and make some remarks about physics capability of high energy eµ colliders.

Septic pulmonary embolism is a rare disease but mortality and morbidity of it is high. Septic pulmonary emboli comes from infected heart valves, thrombophlebitis, and pulmonary artery catheter or infected pacemaker wires as many sources [1,2]. In recent years, pacemaker is a common treatment of the bradiarrhythmia that is persisted in the etiology of septic embolism, its applications has starte...