The ophthalmologists together with all other health care providers are today under greater scrutiny than before as the public we serve is more literate, more educated and has easy access to infinite online information. In other words, the public is more aware of possible medical negligence. The days are gone when the doctor was considered next to the Supreme Being. In spite of super specializat...

I n health care liability claims, claimants often plead for recovery of exemplary/punitive damages from the defendant health care providers. These allegations often cause anxiety for the defendants, because invariably their professional liability insurance carrier sends them a letter stating that such claims—as well as any damages that may be awarded to compensate the claimant for such claims—a...

In this paper, we discuss software based fault tolerant computing techniques used in defense against computer viruses and other integrity corruptions in modern computer systems. We begin with a summary of research on computer viruses, their potential for harm, and the extent to which this potential has been realized to date. We then examine major results on the application of fault tolerant sof...

Recent positive doping cases and a series of mistakes of medical doctors of the International Federation of Basketball have reopened the debate about the role of medical doctor in elite sport. This study shows that some sports physicians involved in recent positive doping cases are insufficiently aware of the nuances of doping regulations and, most importantly, of the list of prohibited substan...

The article “The Unexpected Hand Patient” by A. M. Swiergosz, M. L. Kasdan, and B. J. Wilhelmi (ePlasty. 2017; 17) demonstrates the clinical presentation of malingering. However, physicians generally treat these patients without an opportunity to experience the full repercussions of this process. It has a huge impact on the business community, the legal system, and the insurance industry. Fraud...

IN medical malpractice litigation, negligence is the predominant theory of liability. The basic elements of a malpractice claim are duty, negligence, causation, and damage. Duty refers to the practitioners responsibility to treat a patient according to the standard of care. Negligence is defined by law as a deviation from the accepted standard of care and, therefore, a breach of duty. Causation...

January 28, 2014 Abstract Extending previous “tales of two market failures”, we consider a setting in which firms generate environmental externalities and may invest in environmentally friendly technological advancement generating R&D spillovers. We analyze the joint use of environmental liability law and R&D subsidies to internalize the double externality. Two alternative liability rules are c...

Background: As part of an interdisciplinary study of medical injury and malpractice litigation, we estimated the incidence of adverse events, defined as injuries caused by medical management, and of the subgroup of such injuries that resulted from negligent or substandard care. Methods: We reviewed 30 121 randomly selected records from 51 randomly selected acute care, nonpsychiatric hospitals i...

As the process of deregulation of the electric utility industry proceeds, the importance of power quality is increasing. A fundamental aspect of power quality is the continuity of power supply that is the absence of momentary, temporary and sustained power interruptions. In this paper a network reconfiguration strategy is proposed which allows the distribution network to separate into a certain...