Background: Depending on the light dose and concentration of photosensitizer for photodynamic treatment (PDT), a multitude of dose-related events are demonstrable in PDT-treated cells. Sublethal doses may result in the alteration of cytokine release and consequently modify immune actions, rather than cause cell death. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate cytokine expression i...

The role of light-based technologies in dermatology has expanded dramatically in recent years. Lasers and intense pulsed light have been used to safely and effectively treat a diverse array of cutaneous conditions, including vascular and pigmented lesions, tattoos, scars, and undesired hair, while also providing extensive therapeutic options for cosmetic rejuvenation and other dermatologic cond...

Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is a frequent concern among both young and adult patients. The etiology multifactorial with genetic background. Prevalence higher in darker skin types. It has been estimated as high 30% recent Indian study. Females are often more disappointed by POH than males. Treatment to consider underlying pathologies patients’ needs. We present our treatment algorithm fo...