Abstract The biosynthesis of insulin takes place in the insulin-producing beta cells that are organized form islets Langerhans together with a few other islet cell types pancreas organ. signal for glucose-induced secretion is generated two pathways mitochondrial metabolism pancreatic cells. These also known as triggering pathway and amplifying pathway. Glucokinase, low-affinity glucose-phosphor...

abstract introduction: there is limited knowledge available on the metabolism of glucose in the brain, an insulin insensitive organ. insulin receptors hybridize with insulin like growth factor receptor (igf-i) to transduce the signals in different areas of the brain. in this article we aimed at investigating whether the expression of igf-i receptor and igf-i binding proteins (igfbp1) is changed...

In islet beta-cells and INS-1 cells both the high activity of malic enzyme and the correlation of insulin secretion rates with pyruvate carboxylase (PC) flux suggest that a pyruvate-malate cycle is functionally relevant to insulin secretion. Expression of the malic enzyme isoforms in INS-1 cells and rat islets was measured, and small interfering RNA was used to selectively reduce isoform mRNA e...

α-Synuclein has been studied in numerous cell types often associated with secretory processes. In pancreatic β-cells, α-synuclein might therefore play a similar role by interacting with organelles involved in insulin secretion. We tested for α-synuclein localizing to insulin-secretory granules and characterized its role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Immunohistochemistry and fluoresce...

The products of the Slc12a1 and Slc12a2 genes, commonly known as Na(+)-dependent K(+)2Cl(-) co-transporters NKCC2 and NKCC1, respectively, are the targets for the diuretic bumetanide. NKCCs are implicated in the regulation of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)]i) in pancreatic β-cells, and as such, they may play a role in glucose-stimulated plasma membrane depolarization and insulin s...

IA-2 and phogrin are tyrosine phosphatase-like proteins that may mediate interactions between secretory granules and cytoskeleton in islets and neuroendocrine tissues. We investigated factors that regulate IA-2 and phogrin expression and their relationship to maturation of insulin secretory responses that occur after birth. Islet content of IA-2, but not phogrin, increased during the first 10 d...

OBJECTIVE The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein maintains cellular cholesterol homeostasis in several different tissues. In the liver, ABCA1 is crucial for high-density lipoprotein biogenesis, and in the pancreas ABCA1 can regulate insulin secretion. In this study, our aim was to identify novel microRNAs that regulate ABCA1 expression in these tissues. APPROACH AND RESULTS W...

The hormone glucagon is secreted by the alpha-cells of the endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans) during fasting and is essential for the maintenance of blood glucose levels by stimulation of hepatic glucose output. Excessive production and secretion of glucagon by the alpha-cells of the islets is a common accompaniment to diabetes. The resulting hyperglucagonemia stimulates hepatic glucose ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and degradation in metabolic programmed mice, induced by a low-protein diet early in life, followed by exposure to a high-fat diet in adulthood. Weaned 30-day-old C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a low-protein diet (6% protein). After 4 weeks, the mice were distributed into three gr...

UNLABELLED Aims/Introduction:  Heparan sulfate (HS) mediates a variety of molecular recognition events that are essential for differentiation, morphogenesis and homeostasis through various HS forms that result from differential sulfate modification. Recently, we found that HS is localized exclusively around βß-cells in islets of adult mice and is required for insulin secretion. The aim of this ...