The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the consolidation in physics of the three main traditions that predominate in discussions of measurement theory. These are: (i) the systematic tradition pioneered by Maxwell (1873); (ii) the representational tradition pioneered by Campbell (1920); and (iii) the operational tradition pioneered by Bridgman (1927). These divergent approaches cr...

11 12 Abstract 13 The approach presented herein reports the application of a voltammetric electronic 14 tongue (ET), in contrast with a wine tasting sensory panel, as a tool for standardized 15 wine tasting; concretely, to achieve the discrimination of different wine DOs 16 (Denominación de Origen, a mark related to its geographical region and ensuring 17 specific quality levels) and the predic...

Social science employs teleological explanations which depend upon the rationality principle, according to which people exhibit instrumental rationality. Popper points out that people also exhibit critical rationality, the tendency to stand back from, and to question or criticise, their views. I explain how our critical rationality impugns the explanatory value of the rationality principle and ...

OBJECTIVES The study described in this article examined the effect of home versus clinic settings on the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performance of older adults. METHOD Twenty older adults living in the community were evaluated in their homes and in an occupational therapy clinic with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). The motor and process ability measures ...

Panel data allow correction for measurement error without assuming a known measurement error covariance matrix or using additional validation/replication data to estimate the measurement error covariance matrix. Griliches and Hausman (1986) proposed using the generalized method of moments (GMM) or optimal weighting to efficiently combine instrumental variable (IV) estimators. Wansbeek (2001) ap...

This paper provides two approaches to estimate the standard deviation of measurements from baseline noise in instrumental output when (i) in theory, the noise can be approximated by a well-established random process in statistics and mathematics, referred to as a stationary process and (ii) in practice, the baseline noise is the predominant source of measurement error. For the first approach pr...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether benchtop auto-analyzers (AAs) and arterial blood gas (ABG) analyzers, for measuring electrolyte levels of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), are equal and whether they can be used interchangeably. MATERIALS AND METHOD This study was conducted on 98 patients admitted to the ICU of the Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal between 15 October and ...