This paper gives an overview of various approaches to how innovations affect economic growth: from standard macroeconomic equilibrium theory, growth accounting, new growth theories, catching-up theories, evolutionary theories based on theories of techno-economic paradigms and co-evolution to a systems of innovation approach. The paper focuses on approaches which sees growth as emanating from pr...

since the collapse of the soviet :union:, russia has been affected by intensifying regional and international developments than ever before. because of new opportunities and threats caused by these developments, russia faced with the problem of structural adoption whit systemic new realities, accompanying whit redefinition of its position and review of foreign policy approaches. conceptual and ...

This paper asserts that economists of the mid twentieth century developed two methods of analyzing institutions. Austrian and Coasean economists developed complementary approaches to institutional analysis. Coase developed a research program of Comparative Institutional Analysis, whereby economists compare alternative institutions according to their most similar features. Ludwig von Mises and F...

This paper takes an institutional approach to explaining differences in the levels of entrepreneurship and economic growth across U.S. states. The institutional approach to growth argues that political and economic institutions influence the productivity of resource use. We hypothesize that institutions influence economic growth primarily through their effect on entrepreneurship and discovery. ...

journal of accounting advances (j.a.a) vol. 2, no. 2, fall & winter 2010, ser. 59/3     extended abstract   an investigation of agency theory and signaling theory in dividend policies: the role of institutional investors   dr. g. r. karami         dr. s. mehrani               h. eskandar tehran university   introduction        dividend has a special position among decision makers. dividend poli...

A b s t r a c t In this paper, we briefly discuss the dynamic and functional approach to computer symbolic tensor analysis. The ccgrg package for Wolfram Language/Mathematica is used to illustrate this approach. Some examples of applications are attached.

In this article, we propose a fuzzy class relation assigning to each pair of finite fuzzy sets a degree to which they are equipollent, which indicates that they have the same number of elements. The concepts of fuzzy sets and fuzzy classes in the class of all countable sets are introduced, and several standard relations and constructions, such as the fuzzy power set and exponentiation, are defi...

Objective Art business takes place in an institutional context and is highly reliant on the cultural, political, and social content of a society. Because of a variety of reasons such as the profitability of art industry in foreign market, low academic marketing knowledge, the opposing ideas to art economy according to its players, the high rate of graduate students in art disciplines and the n...

sociology is a multi-paradigm science. the main components of the paradigm include epistemic system, theoretical schools, raised patterns, research strategies, research methods and techniques, and facts under investigation. to be able to reach a satisfactory achievement, sociology has to obtain two main components, i.e. to be part of a paradigm and institutional autonomy. iranian sociology of t...