results modern investigations have supported the claims of the insecticidal activity of several plants, including allium sativum, artemisia absinthium, citrullus colocynthis, laurus nobilis, mentha pulegium, myrtus communis, nerium oleander, ocimum basilicum, and origanum majorana. however, in the cases of plants like iris florentina and malva sylvestris, there is not enough evidence in modern ...

Insect cells are natural hosts for baculoviruses. Following infection, nuclear polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) and budded virus (BV) are produced. Virion-rich PIBs are ingested by insect larvae as food contaminants. Upon PIB digestion in the insect midgut, virions replicate in midgut cells and spread to other tissues, leading larvae to become a fluid-filled sac containing large amounts of ne...

Baculoviruses are the most studied insect viruses in the world and are used for biological control of agricultural and forest insect pests. They are also used as versatile vectors for expression of heterologous proteins. One of the major problems of their use as biopesticides is their slow speed to kill insects. Thus, to address this shortcoming, insect-specific neurotoxins from arachnids have ...

Genetically modified (GM) crops producing double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are being investigated largely as an RNA interference (RNAi)-based resistance strategy against crop insect pests. However, limitations of this strategy include the sensitivity of dsRNA to insect gut nucleases and its poor insect cell membrane penetration. Working with the insect pest cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis),...

Acquisition and transmission by an insect vector is central to the infection cycle of the majority of plant pathogenic viruses. Plant viruses can interact with their insect host in a variety of ways including both non-persistent and circulative transmission; in some cases, the latter involves virus replication in cells of the insect host. Replicating viruses can also elicit both innate and spec...

introduction: cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitological disease that is spread in many tropical and subtropical areas in world. this disease transmitted by female sand flies. it is clear that knowledge on sand flies ecology has the main role to planning of control of cl. this study was carried out for determination of cl vectors, in ghanavat district in qom province during 2012. material and...

BACKGROUND In this study we compared the utility of two molecular biology techniques, cloning of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene and hydrolysis probe-based qPCR, to identify blood meal sources of sylvatic Chagas disease insect vectors collected with live-bait mouse traps (also known as Noireau traps). Fourteen T. guasayana were collected from six georeferenced trap locations in the And...

the organization of gall on the ovary ofsesamum indicum l induced by the gall midge, asphondylia sesami felt, not only affects biochemical equilibrium of the host but also causes disturbed vegetative growth and reduced seed-setting. the toxicity created by the gall maker induces the re-orientation of vasculature cecidogenetic stimuli lead to excessive hypertrophy and hyperplasy forming the gall...