forward osmosis (fo) has recently drawn attention as a promising membrane based method for seawater and brackish water desalination. in this study, we focus on the use of calciun chloride (cacl2) and potassium bicarbonate (khco3) as inorganic salt draw solution candidates due to their appropriate performance in water flux and reverse salt diffusion as well as reasonable cost. the experiments we...

Abstract Membrane‐spanning nanopores are used in label‐free single‐molecule sensing and next‐generation portable nucleic acid sequencing, as powerful research tools biology, biophysics, synthetic biology. Naturally occurring protein peptide pores, well inorganic nanopores, these applications, with their limitations. The structural functional repertoire of can be considerably expanded by functio...

Gas separation is a key issue in various industrial fields. Hydrogen has the potential for application in clean fuel technologies. Therefore, the separation and purification of hydrogen is an important research subject. CO2 capture and storage have important roles in "green chemistry". As an effective clean technology, gas separation using inorganic membranes has attracted much attention in the...

This study assessed the issue of membrane fouling in a Hybrid Membrane Process (HMP) due to the export of powdered activated carbon (PAC) fines from a pretreatment contactor. Two parallel pilot-scale ceramic and polymeric membranes were studied. Reversible and irreversible foulings were measured following three cleaning procedures: Physical backwashing (BW), chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB...

New proton exchange membrane (PEM) materials with high proton conductivities at elevated temperatures (ca. > 150 °C) offer the promise of improving PEM fuel cell operation. Higher operating temperatures would provide several benefits including: (i) improved resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning of the platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst at the anode, (ii) reduced need for feed-stream heat and humid...

A theoretical procedure of measuring the resistance offered by a proton exchange membrane to proton flow through it has been outlined. The process has been modeled using simple mass transfer laws and electrical analogies. The final result showed that a second order differential equation, incorporating the membrane resistance, described the process completely. A major assumption that has been ma...

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can be broadly defined as systems integrating biological degradation of waste products with membrane filtration. They have proven quite effective in removing organic and inorganic contaminants as well as biological entities from wastewater. Advantages of the MBR include good control of biological activity, high quality effluent free of bacteria and pathogens, smaller...

Neutral carrier-based liquid membrane ion-selective microelectrodes for NH(4) (+) and NO(3) (-) were developed and used to investigate inorganic nitrogen acquisition in two varieties of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. cv Olli and H. vulgare L. cv Prato, originating in cold and warm climates, respectively. In the present paper, the methods used in the fabrication of ammonium- and nitrate-selective mi...

We present results from a field study of inorganic carbon (C) acquisition by Ross Sea phytoplankton during Phaeocystis-dominated early season blooms. Isotope disequilibrium experiments revealed that HCO3 ) was the primary inorganic C source for photosynthesis in all phytoplankton assemblages. From these experiments, we also derived relative enhancement factors for HCO3 ) ⁄CO2 interconversion as...