We construct a family of simple analytical models of galaxy clusters at the present epoch and compare its predictions with observational data. We explore two processes that break the self-similarity of galaxy clusters: systematic variation in the dark matter halo concentration and energy injection into the intracluster gas, through their effects on the observed properties of galaxy clusters. Th...

introduction: developing new radiosynovectomy agents is of great importance due to the aging of human populations around the world and increasing the incidence of inflammatory diseases. in this work, sm-153 chitosan agent was developed for the first time in our country and preparation and quality control of the compound is described. methods: sm-153 chloride was obtained by thermal neutron flu...

We present a comprehensive review of product level reliability challenges for the 65nm technology node. The major reliability degradation mechanisms are analyzed for CMOS technologies. Historical data will show that hot carrier degradation has lost on importance and that negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is the leading reliability concern for the 65nm technology node. Additionally, d...

The pressure of hot QCD up to g 6 ln(1/g) The free energy density, or pressure, of QCD has at high temperatures an expansion in the coupling constant g, known so far up to order g 5. We compute here the last contribution which can be determined perturbatively, g 6 ln(1/g), by summing together results for the 4-loop vacuum energy densities of two different three-dimensional effective field theor...

High flux velocities in a superconductor can distort the quasiparticle distribution function and elevate the electronic temperature. Close to Tc, a non-thermal distribution function shrinks the vortex core producing the well-known Larkin-Ovchinnikov flux instability. In the present work we consider the opposite limit of low temperatures, where electron-electron scattering is more rapid than ele...

Recently it has been suggested that the ubiquitous saturation of electron dephasing time at low temperatures could be due to an extremely small number of magnetic impurities—even as small as a single magnetic spin. However, extensive data from a series of recent experiments at both low and high magnetic fields clearly indicate the contrary. At high magnetic fields, the spins, irrespective of th...

For radical designs the hot-carrier reliability is an important issue. This creates the need for the numerical simulation of hot-carrier induced degradation. From a design point of view, the goal of the degradation simulation will be the hot-carrier aging simulation for the prediction of device lifetime. This simulation requires a complicated set of physical models, which includes the hot-carri...

0026-2714/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ltd. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2012.06.025 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +41 567 1525; fax: +4 E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Pfäffli). Using TCAD tools, many reliability issues can be studied quantitatively. Examples are hot carrier degradation of interfaces, threshold voltage shifts during NBTI stress, radiation effects and so...

An improved system for creating a pulsed, low-temperature molecular beam of hydroxyl radical (OH) radicals has been developed. We use a pulsed discharge to create OH from H2O seeded in Xe during a supersonic expansion, where the high-voltage pulse duration is significantly shorter than the width of the gas pulse. The pulsed discharge allows for control of the mean speed of the molecular packet ...

Warpage and shrinkage control are important factors in proving the quality of thin-wall parts in injection modeling process. In the present paper, grey relational analysis was used in order to optimize these two parameters in manufacturing plastic bush of articulated garden tractor. The material used in the plastic bush is Derlin 500. The input parameters in the process were selected according ...