Magnetic fluids are stable colloidal suspensions of ferromagnetic nano-particles (of size 10-20 nm) in a nonmagnetic liquid carrier. An initially uniform particle distribution in the carrier becomes spatially inhomogeneous in nonuniform magnetic fields. Motion of particles in magnetic fluids under the action of magnetic fields is of particular interest for contemporary mathematical and numerica...

An approach to digital image processing and analysis based on the Gibbs distribution is considered. Gibbs hierarchical models are used in segmentation of texture images, reconstruction of gray-scale and color images corrupted by nonlinear and linear inhomogeneous distortions, and estimation of the parameters of Gibbs models from observed images. Received October 25, 2004

Inhomogeneous polymer-dispersed liquid crystal devices having gradient droplet distribution were fabricated and their phase retardation characterized. The gradient refractive index profile can be used as switchable prism gratings, and positive and negative lenses with tunable focal lengths. Such a tunable electronic lens is a broadband device and can be used for unpolarized light. © 2002 Americ...

We study time-inhomogeneous stochastic dynamical systems with vanishing noise. Conditions implying strong ergodicity are proposed; the asymptotic probability distribution is characterized and we estimate the speed of relaxation. Applying these results to simulated annealing enables us to introduce systems that converge faster than a classical annealing dynamics determined by a Gibbs factor.

Recently, there has been suggestions that the apparent accelerated expansion of the universe is due not to a cosmological constant, but rather to inhomogeneities in the distribution of matter. In this work, we investigate a specific class of inhomogeneous models that can be solved analytically, namely the dust-dominated Lemâitre-Tolman-Bondi universe models. We show that they do not permit acce...

From a hopping rate equation for disordered materials we derive a macroscopic drift{di usion equation. For this purposes two space{time scales are simultaneously considered. The microscopic dynamics is characterized by the distribution of localized states and the hopping rate. On the macroscopic space scale both the hopping rate and the disordered material are allowed to be inhomogeneous.

Two approaches of Gaussian distribution of barrier heights in inhomogeneous Schottky diodes have been analyzed by comparing the results for consistency between the two. For this the current–voltage characteristics of inhomogeneous Schottky diodes have been generated by using analytically solved thermionic-emission diffusion equation incorporating Gaussian distribution of barrier heights and by ...

We derive simple linear, inhomogeneous recurrences for the variance of the index by utilising the fact that the generating function for the distribution of the number of positive eigenvalues of a Gaussian unitary ensemble is a τ-function of the fourth Painlevé equation. From this we deduce a simple summation formula, several integral representations and finally an exact hypergeometric function ...

This paper describes a job distribution system which focuses on standard desktop worker nodes in inhomogeneous and unreliable environments. The system is suited for general purpose usage and supports both batch jobs and object-oriented interactive applications using standard Internet technologies. Advanced scheduling methods minimize the total execution time and improve execution efficiency, sp...

MOTIVATION The rational decomposition of biochemical networks into sub-structures has emerged as a useful approach to study the design of these complex systems. A biochemical network is characterized by an inhomogeneous connectivity distribution, which gives rise to several organizational features, including modularity. To what extent the connectivity-based modules reflect the functional organi...