Family Location and Caregiving Patterns from an International Perspective This paper conducts a cross-national econometric analysis of intra-family location and caregiving patterns. First, we assess, from an international perspective, the relationship between family structure and the geographic proximity between adult children and their parents. We then examine whether differences in family str...

BACKGROUND Higher levels of frailty result in higher risks of adverse frailty outcomes such as hospitalisation and mortality. There are, however, indications that more factors than solely frailty play a role in the development of these outcomes. The presence of resources, e.g. sufficient income and good self-management abilities, might slow down the pathway from level of frailty to adverse outc...

This paper presents a model of partial observability applied to the childcare market in Britain. We simultaneously estimate the demand and use and calculate the excess demand for childcare. We find a large queue with nearly half of the mothers demanding childcare queuing for it. We also find that formal and informal care are not substitute, implying that policies increasing the supply of formal...

despite the passage of seven decades from the field of adult education activities, and establishment of several formal vs. informal organizations, not only a comprehensive philosophy for adult education has not been developed, but also a significant effort to introduce the philosophy of education as regards adult education is lacking. the aim followed in the present study was to seek the attitu...

This paper describes the developments and results of a special student teacher course used in several European countries, originally developed in Finland in close cooperation between the University of Helsinki and Heureka, the Finnish Science Centre. The integrative science education course already started in 1996. It combines formal teaching and informal learning opportunities. The main target...

Background One of the objectives of the health transformation plan (HTP) in Iran is to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for inpatient services and eradicate informal payments. The HTP has three phases: the first phase (launched in May 5, 2014) is focused on reducing OOP payments for inpatient services; the second phase (launched in May 22, 2014) is focused on primary healthcare (PHC) and the...

We analyze mobility in urban Mexico between three labor market states: working in the formal sector, working in the informal sector, and not working. We use a dynamic multinomial logit panel data model with random effects, explaining the labor market state of each individual during each time period. The data is drawn from Mexico’s Urban Employment Survey, a quarterly household survey for urban ...

With the advent of Web 2.0 technology, message transmission has become increasingly convenient, and the rising amount of information has become gradually diverse. A question must be asked of this trend, on whether informal learning resources can be integrated into formal learning knowledge. This study attempts to integrate educational blog articles and use the wealth of information inherent in ...