today, most of the big cities or metropolises around the world have been encountering with the problem of informal habitation. the present study, thus, tries to focus on the role of endogenous development in such type of habitation process. for that matter, the paper takes into account architectural programming and urbanism as its theoretical framework because the endogenous development is rela...

objectives: following the rise in the elderly population worldwide and the increase in chronic diseases among this demographic with their consequent need for care, the subject of elderly care is becoming increasingly important. considering the traditional standing of the elderly in iranian society and the importance of in-community care for them, it seems of crucial importance to study the obst...

our goal in this article examine the challenges facing the arabic language and the hiring extent of their impact in the arab and promoted by the enemies of islam and haters and orientalists and case westernized to replace accent in formal arabic.                         this is assumed to be have faced many of arab challenges of globalization and to advocate slang and accents by some orientalis...

Index Introduction 1 Description of Latin American and Caribbean Informal Sector 3 Extent and composition of the informal sector 3 Determinants of informal employment 9 Determinants of wage differentials 10 Policy Issues: The causes of informal employment 16 Labor market rules and regulations and the Informal Sector 16 Macroeconomic Policies 22 Policy Issues: The consequences of informal employ...

The informal construction of dwellings (housing) and the informal growth of transport infrastructure are two main dynamics of an informal settlement growth phenomenon that may influence each other over time. Some studies have been done to understand the growth mechanisms of informal settlements, but not enough attention has been paid to study the informal growth of transport infrastructure dyna...

abstract:migration is one of the main factors in regional development and social and demography policymakers pay attention to it. this phenomenon has different functions. the amount of satisfaction on dissatisfaction from migration process can be a sign of positive or negative function for migrants. the goal of this research is to survey the relation between social capital and satisfaction from...

Background One of the objectives of the health transformation plan (HTP) in Iran is to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for inpatient services and eradicate informal payments. The HTP has three phases: the first phase (launched in May 5, 2014) is focused on reducing OOP payments for inpatient services; the second phase (launched in May 22, 2014) is focused on primary healthcare (PHC) and the...

this study is a descriptive - survey and objective evaluation analysis of creation causes on informal settlement shadgholi-khan town of qom city. answer questionnaire by 200 protector of household in shadgholi-khan tow, economic, social and physical variables affective creation of informal settlements in the shadgholi-khan its spatial and local effects are investigated. research findings show t...

Much work in MKM depends on the application of formal logic to mathematics. However, much mathematical knowledge is informal. Luckily, formal logic only represents one tradition in logic, specifically the modeling of inference in terms of logical form. Many inferences cannot be captured in this manner. The study of such inferences is still within the domain of logic, and is sometimes called inf...