Influenza B virus, which causes acute respiratory infections, has increased in prevalence in recent years. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, influenza B virus can be divided into two lineages, Victoria and Yamagata, that co-circulate during the influenza season. However, analysis of the potential association between the clinical and virological characteristic and ...

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests against whole virus (WV) influenza B/Singapore/222/79 antigen detected prevaccination serum antibody in only 15 (20%) of 50 predominantly elderly volunteers and fourfold or greater titer rises in only three (6%) after they received 1981-1982 trivalent influenza vaccine containing antigens of this virus. HI titers against ether-treated (ET) B/Singapore/222/...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that the protective effect of the current influenza vaccine could be influenced by vaccination in previous seasons. We estimated the combined effect of the previous and current influenza vaccines from the 2010-2011 season to the 2015-2016 season in Spain. METHODS We performed a test-negative case-control study in patients ≥9 years old. We estimated the influe...

OBJECTIVES A series of 3(benzylideneamino)-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3H)-ones was synthesized by reaction of 3-amino-2-phenyl-3H-quinazoline-4-one with various carbonyl compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectral analysis. Title compounds were investigated for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against herpes s...

Influenza is a ssRNA virus that has been responsible for widespread morbidity and mortality; however, the innate immunological mechanisms that drive the adaptive anti-influenza immune response in vivo are yet to be fully elucidated. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns, induce dendritic cell maturation, and consequently...

Background and Aims: Influenza A viruses are important pathogens for humans especially in pandemic episodes. Two adamantane derivates, amantadine and rimantadine, are used for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A virus infections. However, single amino acid substitutions in the M2 transmembrane domain which lead to amantadine resistance of these viruses occur at residues 26, 27, 30, 31 or 3...

Influenza is a highly contagious zoonotic disease in the world. Avian H9N2 influenza virus is a significant pandemic pathogen widely distributed throughout the world. Pet ownership has been documented as a risk factor for infection transmission to human. Considering major public health concern, the prevalence of antibodies against avian H9N2 influenza virus was evaluated in 170 serum samples of...

A nested reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was developed for simultaneous detection and typing of influenza viruses A and B. The detection limit for influenza virus A subtypes H1 and H3 and that for influenza virus B were between 1 and 4 target gene copies per reaction for each type. The clinical benefit of the RT-PCR method was evaluated by comparing the results with virus isolation and direct im...

Influenza A or influenza B virus rendered non-infective by ultraviolet radiation was found to be capable of producing interference with the multiplication of active influenza viruses in the chick embryo. Certain temporal and quantitative relationships affecting the interference phenomenon with this host-virus system were studied. An hypothesis of the mechanism of interference between the influe...