The advent of targeted biologic therapies for debilitating disorders such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) has changed management and significantly improved outcomes. However, biologic agents are expensive, and the introduction of biosimilar medications for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases presents a lower-cost alternative. In this review, the mechanism of action,...

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease in children includes Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, indeterminate colitis and Behçet's colitis. The reported incidence of Crohn's disease has increased in the last 30 years. The clinical features of Crohn's disease are most commonly abdominal pain and poor weight gain, whereas those of ulcerative colitis are diarrhoea and rectal bleeding. Treatment is wi...

OBJECTIVE To document the frequency at diagnosis and evolution over time of inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified in children. METHODS Analysis of case records (2004-2011) of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified following upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy, ileocolonoscopy and small bowel imaging. Any subsequent diagnostic reclassification by 2016 was recorded. RE...

Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are disabling conditions characterised by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Current treatments are not universally effective or, in the case of therapeutic antibodies, are hampered by immune responses. Janus kinase inhibitors are orally delivered small molecules that target cytokine signall...

Oxidative damage is involved in the pathogenic process of idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Although specific intervention in the oxidative cascade showed promising results in animal models and preliminary patient trials, the clinical efficacy of antioxidants still has to be established. Mucosa protection, for example by dietary fatty acids, seems to attenuate the intestinal inflam...

stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability of proliferation, regeneration, conversion to differentiated cells and producing various tissues. stem cells are divided into two categories of embryonic and adult. in another categorization stem cells are divided to totipotent, multipotent and unipotent cells. so far usage of stem cells in treatment of various blood diseases has been studi...