PURPOSE: Breast reconstruction is uniquely personal with many options available for patients and surgeons to consider. Among the methods of autologous breast reconstruction, abdominal based free flaps (ABFFs) including the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM), deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP), and superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps are the most common, with...

113 To the Editor: Ophthalmoplegia can cause diplopia, with a lot of etiologies including cerebrovascular disease. Nuclear ophthalmoplegia resulted from brainstem infarction is often accompanied by other symptoms of brainstem dysfunction. It is fairly rare that midbrain infarction only manifests as isolated medial rectus nuclear palsy. Here, we provided such an uncommon case and discussed the p...

Correspondence Rare origin of the inferior epigastric artery from an anomalous medial circumflex femoral artery Mathes & Bostwick (1977) surgically manipulated the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to repair defects in the anterior abdominal wall. Subsequently this flap was used in breast reconstruction (Robbins, 1981 ; Hartrampf et al. 1982) as a donor for free-tissue transfer (Bunkis et al. ...

Introduction: To determine the distance of Extraocular Muscle (EOM) insertions to limbus in Iranian people. Materials and Methods: 173 cases (173 eyes) were entered in an observational cross-sectional study. Patients referred to the Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital were included. All of them had to be operated on specific indications. After 360 peritomy in the operating room, the distance between EM in...

Previous studies have shown that low amplitude/high frequency mechanical vibration applied to the human eye muscles results in the illusory movement of a luminous spot fixated in total darkness. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a vibration-induced motor response also occurs in eye muscles, and to check whether the visual illusions actually result from the proprioceptors b...

PURPOSE To characterize the relationship between inflammation and swelling of extraocular muscles in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy before and after methylprednisolone pulse therapy. METHODS The signal intensities and volumes of the superior rectus (SR), inferior rectus (IR), lateral rectus (LR), medial rectus (MR), and superior oblique (SO) muscles were measured with magnetic resonance im...

Introduction Rectus femoris is a spindle shaped muscle forming part of the quadriceps muscle group in the anterior compartment of the thigh. Traditionally, it is described as having two heads which arise as a straight tendon from the anterior inferior iliac spine and a reflected tendon from the ilium just above the acetabulum. Recent studies have shown that the anatomy of the muscle is more com...