Latin America, and especially Chile, has done well in reducing infant mortality, with rates of around twenty-five per thousand live births. There are two clear phases of declining mortality: one largely influenced by poverty reduction, primary health care, and environmental and demographic factors; and a second one more sensitive to focused health care interventions. In 2000 Chile reached 8.9 i...

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Nourishing Start for Health (NOSH) trial, a cluster randomized trial with 6 to 8 weeks follow-up, was conducted between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2016, in 92 electoral ward areas in England with baseline breastfeeding prevalence at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum less than 40%. A total of 10010mother-infant dyads resident in the 92 study electoral ward areas wher...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of a midwifery model of care delivered in a freestanding birth center on maternal and infant outcomes when compared with conventional care. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Birth certificate data for women who gave birth in Washington D.C. and D.C. residents who gave birth in other jurisdictions. STUDY DESIGN Using propensity score modeling and instrumental variab...

Survivors of very premature birth face an increased risk of adverse motor, cognitive, and behavior sequelae. In order to understand the pathogenesis of these adverse outcomes, an animal model of premature birth and neonatal care in a species with a close similarity to the human infant is sought. In this histological and immunohistochemical study we have defined the pattern of cerebral injury in...

Background Neonatal mortality rate is one of the main indicators of health care systems in each country. The first step in improving the level of these indicators is to identify the causes of neonatal dead and its related factors. In this study, the causes of neonatal mortality and its related factors in neonatal intensive care unit at Imam Reza hospital were investigated. Materials and Method...

Breastfeeding is considered to be the key variable for infant health. Consequently, UNICEF and the World Health Organization promote the beginning of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth and recommend to exclusively breastfeed the infant during the first six months. The origins of these modern breastfeeding campaigns can be traced back to the beginning of the twentieth century. Where...

Background: Prenatal care service is an important public health intervention in Ghana but its contribution to the adoption of healthy infant feeding behaviours remains unclear. This study was designed toassess the relationship between adequate prenatal care utilization and postpartum infant feeding behaviours. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design on a sample of 384 postpartum mothers who h...

Background: Infant mortality has decreased in Brazil, but remains high as compared to that of other developing countries. In 2010, the Rio Grande do Sul state had the lowest infant mortality rate in Brazil. However, the municipality of Novo Hamburgo had the highest infant mortality rate in the Porto Alegre metropolitan region. Objective: To describe the causes of infant mortality in the municip...

The present study examines the trend and differentials in infant and child mortality among three mortality groups of states, which are grouped as low, medium and high mortality groups according to their level of under five mortality rates. The results indicate that the low mortality group of states are better placed in terms of housing conditions, fertility and the level of utilisation of mater...