Isolated inner ear decompression sickness (DCS) is recognised in deep diving involving breathing of helium-oxygen mixtures, particularly where breathing gas is switched to a nitrogen-rich mixture during decompression. The biophysical basis for this selective vulnerability of the inner ear to DCS has not been established. A compartmental model of inert gas kinetics in the human inner ear was con...

Numerous death cases due to suffocation in a toxic or oxygen deficient gas atmosphere have been described in the literature, but unfortunately especially cases involving inert gases like helium are often presented without detailed toxicological findings. Observations on two suicides are reported, one by helium and the other by argon inhalation. During autopsies gas samples from the lungs were c...

BACKGROUND New gas therapies using inert gases such as xenon and argon are being studied, which would require chronically administered repeating doses. The pharmacokinetics of this type of administration has not been addressed in the literature. METHODS A physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model for humans, pigs, mice, and rats has been developed to investigate the unique aspects o...

During exercise, pulmonary gas exchange in reptiles was predicted to differ from that in mammals because of their less complex lung structure, which might reduce ventilation-perfusion heterogeneity (V/QL) at the expense of pulmonary diffusion limitation. To investigate this, the multiple inert gas elimination technique was used in six Varanus exanthematicus at rest and during maximal exercise. ...

Isolated inner ear decompression sickness (DCS) is recognized in deep diving involving breathing of helium-oxygen mixtures, particularly when breathing gas is switched to a nitrogen-rich mixture during decompression. The biophysical basis for this selective vulnerability of the inner ear to DCS has not been established. A compartmental model of inert gas kinetics in the human inner ear was cons...

The explanation of the multi-exponential washout of inert gas tracers from skeletal muscle is a source of controversy. The two most likely explanations are a heterogeneous flow pattern and countercurrent shunting of gas. Autoradiographs of canine skeletal muscle obtained after injection of *‘Kr indicate that heterogeneous flow is present in this preparation which would cause multi-exponential c...

In this work, we present the excitation strategy, experimental setup, and results of an implementation of krypton tagging velocimetry (KTV) as applied to an underexpanded jet of three mixtures. We demonstrate that the KTV technique can be employed with gas mixtures of relatively low krypton concentration (0.5% Kr/99.5% N2) and conclude that the KTV technique shows promise as a velocimetry diagn...

Abstract High nitrogen steel (HNS) have been widely used in many industrial fields place of stainless steels. As we know, the welding is main fabricating method HNS structural components. In this article, recent investigations joining methods HNS, such as tungsten inert gas welding, melt inert-gas laser laser-arc hybrid friction stir (FSW), and brazing are summarized. First, effect content shie...

Taking into account the technical characteristics of the welding processes, associated with the fulfi lling clients’ requirements, the assurance of safe and healthy working places as well as the environment protection the fundamental meaning belongs to the application of the appropriate methods of risk assessment of these processes. The paper presents the results of risk analysis, using an inte...

An ocean general circulation model (oGCM) was used in concert with a global database of inert gas measurements (Ne, Ar, N2/Ar and Kr/Ar) to constrain the magnitude of bubble mediated air-sea gas flux. We illustrate the inverse method using a simple bubble model that includes two end member types of bubbles: small bubbles that completely dissolve, and larger bubbles that briefly are submerged an...