Public service. It's a term that has fallen into disregard in recent years as cynicism has replaced optimism about so-called government work and those who do it. Yet there are those who have chosen to follow the ideal of public service espoused by John F. Kennedy when he said "[A]sk not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.` One of these people is George W. Luc...

The development of alternative methods to animal experimentation has progressed rapidly over the last 20 years. Today, in vitro and in silico methods have an important role in the hazard identification and assessment of toxicology profile of compounds. Advanced alternative methods and their combinations are also used for safety assessment of final products. Several alternative methods, which we...

Toxicology is a multidisciplinary study of poisons, aimed to correlate the quantitative and qualitative relationships between poisons and their physiological and behavioural effects in living systems. Other key aspects of toxicology focus on elucidation of the mechanisms of action of poisons and development of remedies and treatment plans for associated toxic effects. In these endeavours, Mass ...

Hormesis, a dose-response phenomenon characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition, has been the object of controversy due to its challenging of basic understandings of the dose-response relationship and implications for risk assessment. The author addresses issues relating to the definition of hormesis, the relationship of hormesis to risk assessment and risk management, a...

The American College of Toxicology is committed to advancing the science of toxicology as a means of protecting the health and safety of both people and animals for the preservation of our environment. The College recognizes that the continued use of animals for research is a necessary and critical component in pursuit of this commitment. However, it is the position of the College that when ani...

Medical management, is a team work and the nature of clinical toxicology is multidisciplinary. Internal organs problems following intoxications are included in field of internal medicine; similar problems in poisoned children brings pediatric medicine into the arena. The emergency nature of many acute intoxications, the legal problems of poisoned patients, respiratory assist in unconscious case...

9. REFERENCES Abu-Hilal AH, Khordagui HK. 1993. Assessment of tar pollution on the United Arab Emirates beaches. Environ Int 19:589-596. ACGIH. 1986. Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH. ACGIH. 1992. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological ...

recently, some natural products have been used in the fields as alternative to synthetic compounds, to minimize the negative impacts to the environment. this study aimed to verify the effects of neem-based bio-pesticide in causing acute toxicity for a fish and chronic toxicity for a microcrustacean. to this end, danio rerio and daphnia magna were exposed to various concentrations of a neem-base...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first objective was to compare a standard splitless injection technique with a large volume splitless injection (LVSL). The second objective was to evaluate the applicability of sequential full scan/SIM EI+ GC/MS data to the analyses of forensic toxicology samples. The utility of these techniques along with directions for future research will...