An actuator is a device that converts input energy into mechanical energy. According to various types of input energy, various actuators have been advanced. Displacement in the electromagnetic, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators achieve by moving a piston via electromagnetic force or pressure, however the piezoelectric actuator (piezoceramic plates) displace directly. Therefore, accuracy and spe...

Due to a large number of applications, bicliques of graphs have been widely considered in the literature. This paper focuses on non-induced bicliques. Given a graph G = (V,E) on n vertices, a pair (X,Y ), with X,Y ⊆ V , X ∩ Y = ∅, is a non-induced biclique if {x, y} ∈ E for any x ∈ X and y ∈ Y . The NP-complete problem of finding a non-induced (k1, k2)-biclique asks to decide whether G contains...

background noise exposure is known as a risk factor for hearing loss and one of its effects is noise-induced stress. cortisol as a stress hormone is used in noise-induced stress assessments. objectives the aim of this study was to measure and compare saliva cortisol concentrations in the morning and evening in normal work day and rest day in both case and control groups and to assess the associ...

We report an investigation of X-ray induced desorption neutrals, cations and anions from CO ice.