In general, herbal medicines have been considered as safe by the general public, since they are naturally occurring and have been applied in treatment for over thousands of years. As the use of herbal medicine is rapidly increasing globally, the potential toxicity of herbal drugs, in particular drug-induced liver injury (DILI), has now become a serious medical issue. According to the literature...

We report a case of a 26-year-old man with no significant medical history, who presented with fatigue, pruritus, jaundice, dark urine and clay colored stool for one month. He had been taking methyl-1-etiochoenolol-epietiocholanolone, an androgenic anabolic steroid (AAS). He was initially found to have a total bilirubin (Tbili) of 6 mg/dL. He discontinued the AAS but the patients' symptoms worse...

Herb induced liver injury (HILI) and drug induced liver injury (DILI) share the common characteristic of chemical compounds as their causative agents, which were either produced by the plant or synthetic processes. Both, natural and synthetic chemicals are foreign products to the body and need metabolic degradation to be eliminated. During this process, hepatotoxic metabolites may be generated ...

Bile salt export pump (BSEP) inhibition has been proposed to be an important mechanism for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Modeling can prioritize knowledge gaps concerning bile acid (BA) homeostasis and thus help guide experimentation. A submodel of BA homeostasis in rats and humans was constructed within DILIsym, a mechanistic model of DILI. In vivo experiments in rats with glibenclamide we...

OBJECTIVE Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is more often a challenge even for expert clinicians. Presently, there are limited data about the epidemiology, because the real incidence and prevalence of the disorder are underestimated, and further, sometimes the pharmacovigilance chain is unsuccessful as cases are largely underreported. We review available literature data and discuss our clinical ...

BACKGROUND South Africa has a significant burden of tuberculosis (TB). Anti-TB drug-induced liver injury (TB DILI) is one of the most serious adverse events that can arise from TB treatment (TBT). There are limited data on TB DILI among HIV-infected patients and those on antiretroviral therapy (ART). OBJECTIVE To describe characteristics of HIV-infected patients presenting with TB DILI and th...

The most frequent cause of acute liver failure is drug induced damage. lack diagnostic testes or biomarkers, identification DILI difficult one. In cases was mild and reversible. Azathioprine, a widely used immunosupressive agent had nature causing injury but rare. It basically presents with symptoms. Azathioprine can idiosyncratic injury, usually presented juandice fatigue then linked to elevat...

The ability to identify mechanisms underlying drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in man has been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining liver tissue from patients. It has recently been proposed that whole blood toxicogenomics may provide a non-invasive means for mechanistic studies of human DILI. However, it remains unclear to what extent changes in whole blood transcriptome mirror those in live...

The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in children. We analyzed the medical records for children aged 3 months to 18 years who presented to the hospital with ALT >45 IU/L and/or AST >50 IU/L, between 2012 and 2014, for various reasons, including those not related to liver disease. In total, 28...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), especially from antimicrobial agents, is an important cause of serious liver disease. Amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) is a leading cause of idiosyncratic DILI, but little is understood about genetic susceptibility to this adverse reaction. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study using 822,927 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ma...