BACKGROUND & AIMS Rare cases of azithromycin-induced hepatotoxicity have been reported, with variable clinical and histologic features. We characterized clinical features and outcomes of azithromycin-induced liver injury. METHODS We identified patients with azithromycin-induced liver injury from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network Prospective Study who had causality scores of definite, high...

background & aim:cadmium is an important industrial and environmental pollutant. cadmium is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals to organisms. this heavy metal mainly distributes to the liver and kidney in humans and animal and, causing acute hepatic injury. experimental: the ethanol extract of satureja hortensis l. (lamiaceae family), was evaluated for its activity against c...

The aim of this study was to illustrate the initial subclinical drug-induced liver injury and the associated adaptive immune response by monitoring for the changes in plasma IL-2, IL-10, and some cytochrome P450 activity during chronic administration of nevirapine (NVP), isoniazid (INH), and paracetamol (PAR) in rats without clinical hepatotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided in...

In many countries, paracetamol ranks at the top of all known poisoning agents implicated in accidental or intentional poisoning [1]. In general, liver injury caused by drugs is known to be either type A “dose dependent” (intrinsic toxicity) or type B idiosyncratic. Perhaps with the exception of single high dose of drug induced liver injury, most drug induced liver injury (DILI) cases evaluated ...

The effect of COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-2-dependent PGs (prostaglandins) in acute liver injury has been investigated in transgenic mice that express human COX-2 in hepatocytes. We have used three well-established models of liver injury: in LPS (lipopolysaccharide) injury in D-GalN (D-galactosamine)-preconditioned mice; in the hepatitis induced by ConA (concanavalin A); and in the proliferation of h...

OBJECTIVE Shikonin possesses anti-inflammatory effects. However, its function in concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury remains uncertain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functions of shikonin and its mechanism of protection on ConA-induced acute liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/C mice were exposed to ConA (20 mg/kg) via tail vein injection to establish acute li...

Drug-induced liver injury is a major safety concern in drug development and clinical pharmacotherapy; however, advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury are hampered by the lack of animal models. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic agent. Although the drug is generally well tolerated, only a small number of patients prescribed CBZ develop severe...

Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that is widely distributed in nature. The present study is designed to analyze the underlying mechanism in the protection of quercetin against pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine-induced acute liver injury in vivo. Serum transaminases, total bilirubin analysis, and liver histological evaluation demonstrated the protection of quercetin against clivorine-induce...

Herbal and dietary supplement (HDS) use has grown exponentially in the United States. Unfortunately, incidence of HDS-related liver injury proportionally increased. Despite potential for certain HDSs to cause clinically significant injury, they are not regulated by Food Drug Administration. Recent efforts have been made regulate but far removed from scrutiny prescription medications. Scant lite...

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of druginduced liver injury. Compensatory liver regeneration is crucial for the final outcome of toxicant-induced injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying compensatory liver regeneration in mice after APAP-induced liver injury are not completely understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of dynamic and coordinated regulati...