The treated and untreated effluents samples from semiconductor industry were collected and thier physical characteristics such as temperature, pH, turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), conductivity and chemical characteristics such as salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorine dioxide, and heavy metal were analyzed. The results obta...

Introduction The pulp and paper industry is the second largest industrial water consumer in Europe with a usage of 35 m3/ton paper and a production of 85.2 M tons/year. Its effluents cause considerable damage to the receiving waters if discharged untreated since they have a high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and contain chlorinated compounds, suspended solids (ma...

Date in this paper highlights the applications of constructed horizontal surface flow (HF-CW) wetland with two different local plants (Louis latifoila and Phragmites -australis (Cav.) Trin) at the wastewater treatment plant in Babol city. This system was designed as an advanced treatment unit in field scale after the treatment plant. Parameters such as Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspend...

The global concern about alternative water reuse techniques are increasing continuously as heavy industries such as petrochemicals and agricultures grows bigger each year. Those organic pollutants present in wastewaters which are not treatable by conventional treatment methods, are considered to be treated by stronger and more modern techniques. The presence of these organic compounds in water ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of pulp-paper industry wastewater using traditional and enrichment toxicity tests and to emphasize the importance of toxicity tests in wastewater discharge regulations. Enrichment toxicity tests are novel applications and give an idea of whether there is potential toxicity or growth-limiting and -stimulating conditions. Different organ...

In this study, in order to determine the efficiency of estimating annual water pollution loads from remote-sensed land cover classification and ground-observed hydrological data, an empirical model was investigated. Remote sensing data imagery from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer were applied to an 11 year (1994–2004) water quality...

Demand for online and real-time measurements techniques to meet environmental regulation and treatment compliance are increasing. However the conventional techniques, which involve scheduled sampling and chemical analysis can be expensive and time consuming. Therefore cheaper and faster alternatives to monitor wastewater characteristics are required as alternatives to conventional methods. This...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of nutrients removal by Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The study is comprised of five different fractions, having different quantities of C. vulgaris. From the batch reactor operations it was observed that increasing the content of C. vulgaris in the wastewater caused an apparent increase of removal rates in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),...

The impacts of climate change such as water scarcity and air temperature increase affect the development electricity supply system. In countries like Iran, where cooling demand in residential sector is high availability fairly low, this can create significant challenges. study, an econometric approach was used to project for four sectors considering effect changing temperature. Also, impact on ...

Print and television advertisements for e-cigarettes are currently legal in the United States. Given that e-cigarettes are a lower-risk alternative to cigarettes, these ads could have a positive public health impact if they motivate smokers to switch to e-cigarettes. However, the public health impact of e-cigarette ads could be negative if ads increase demand for both e-cigarettes and cigarette...