The composition of Na+ currents in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons depends on their neuronal phenotype and innervation target. Two TTX-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ currents [voltage-gated Na channels (Nav)] have been described in small DRG neurons; one with slow inactivation kinetics (Nav1.8) and the other with persistent kinetics (Nav1.9), and their modulation has been implicated in inflammatory pa...

It has been known for a long time (Mestel 1953) that the meridional circulation velocity in stars, in the presence of μ-gradients, is the sum of two terms, one due to the classical thermal imbalance (Ω-currents) and the other one due to the induced horizontal μ-gradients (μ-induced currents, or μ-currents in short). In the most general cases, μ-currents are opposite to Ω-currents. Simple expres...

abstract turbidity current is one of the most important factors that effect the sediments distribution and also their transportation and release from reservoir. in this study, effects of these currents on sedimentation process in sefidroud dam were simulated by tcm model in 30 years period. comparison between the case of turbidity currents that reach to the dam wall and release from the reservo...

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is a polymodal in sensory nerves and involved pain sensation. TRPV1 has at least three distinct activation modes that are selectively induced by different stimuli capsaicin, noxious heat, protons. Although many mode-selective antagonists have been developed for their anticipated analgesic effects, there few successful reports because ...

Smooth muscle cells, dispersed from the circumflex coronary artery of the guinea pig, were studied with the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp. The resting potential of about -40 mV was superimposed by spikelike hyperpolarizations (SLHs) up to -20 mV amplitude. The SLHs resulted from spontaneous transient outward currents (spontaneous TOCs) measured under voltage-clamp (-40 or -50 mV)....

BACKGROUND Caffeine stimulates calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in many cell types. In neurons, caffeine stimulates CICR presynaptically and thus modulates neurotransmitter release. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique we found that caffeine (20 mM) reversibly increased the frequency and decreased the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic cu...

The study of ultrafast dynamics in magnetic materials provides rich opportunities for greater fundamental understanding of correlated phenomena in solid-state matter, because many of the basic microscopic mechanisms involved are as-yet unclear and are still being uncovered. Recently, two different possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain ultrafast laser induced magnetization dynamics: ...