It seems impossible for a human being not to have some point of view concerning nonhuman animal (hereafter animal) welfare. Many people make decisions about how humans are permitted to treat animals using speciesist criteria, basing their decisions on an individual's species membership rather than on that animal's individual characteristics. Although speciesism provides a convenient way for mak...

People experience different levels of presence (e.g. Krijn et al., 2004; Walshe, Lewis, Kim, O'Sullivan, & Wiederhold, 2003), and different levels of cybersickness (Sharples, Cobb, Moody, & Wilson, 2008) even though they are immersed in the same virtual environment setting. In the current study, we raised the question how differences in individual characteristics might relate to differences in ...

Economic models describe individuals by underlying characteristics, such as the degree to which they like music, have sympathy, want success, need recognition, etc. In reality, such characteristics change through experiences: taste for Mozart changes through attending concerts, sympathy through meeting people, etc. Models typically ignore change, partly because it is unclear how to incorporate ...

This paper aims to study the influence of individual and perceptual characteristics on e-learning outcomes. A conceptual model, based on the social cognitive theory, technology acceptance theory and training evaluation model, is developed and tested on 410 trainees, in Tunisian context. Data analysis conducted by structural equations shows the importance of motivation to learn, perceptual usefu...

This investigation deals with the influence of situational variables and individual differences (internal versus external locus of control and achievement motivation) on self-imposed gratification delay. The sample consisted of 243 male and female high school students. Subjects who only had to wait for the delayed reward (Group 1) chose the delayed reward significantly more frequently than subj...

The dogs with more frequent hippocampal theta-rhythm develop transswitching of food and defensive instrumental conditioned reflexes more rapidly and easily. Bilateral destructions of frontal regions of the neocortex and hippocampus in rats increased their reactivity to the aversive stimuli (intensive light and sound) and simultaneously decreased their sensitivity to the signals of defensive exc...

The Knowledge Management paradigm of Communities of Practice can be efficiently realized in web-based environments, especially if one considers the extended social networks that have proliferated within the internet. In terms of increasing performance through the exchange of knowledge and shared learning, individual characteristics, such as learners’ preferences that relate to group working, ma...

Background: Despite improvements, air pollution still remains a major public health issue. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure based on modeled measures, but only a few have considered the health impact of perceived air quality. Improving our knowledge of individual perceptions is crucial to defining targeted actions and promot...

Individual variability influences the demographic and evolutionary dynamics of spatially structured populations, and conversely ecological and evolutionary dynamics provide the context under which variations at the individual level occur. Therefore, it is essential to identify and characterize the importance of the different factors that may promote or hinder individual variability. Animal sign...

BACKGROUND In an integrated curriculum, multiple instructors take part in a course in the form of team teaching. Accordingly, medical schools strive to manage each course run by numerous instructors. As part of the curriculum management, course evaluation is conducted, but a single, retrospective course evaluation does not comprehensively capture student perception of classes by different instr...