In the leaves of the NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME)-type C4 dicot Amaranthus viridis L., there are chloroplasts in the vascular parenchyma cells (VPC), companion cells (CC), ordinary epidermal cells (EC), and guard cells (GC), as well as in the mesophyll cells (MC) and the bundle sheath cells (BSC). However, the chloroplasts of the VPC, CC, EC, and GC are smaller than those of the MC and BSC. In thi...

INTRODUCTION For general practitioners, practice nurses and community pharmacists in New Zealand, a core duty is to educate patients about sun protection. We aimed to evaluate compliance of locally available sunscreens with regional clinical practice guidelines and sunscreen labelling standards, to assist clinicians in advising consumers on sunscreen selection. METHODS We audited all sunscreens...

In multi-target tracking (MTT), the problem of assigning labels to tracks (track labelling) is vastly covered in literature, but its exact mathematical formulation, in terms of Bayesian statistics, has not been yet looked at in detail. Doing so, however, may help us to understand how Bayesoptimal track labelling should be performed or numerically approximated. Moreover, it can help us to better...

Background To identify peer-reviewed research on consumers' usage and attitudes towards the nutrition label and the food industry's response to labelling regulations outside Europe, North America, and Australia and to determine knowledge gaps for future research. Design Narrative review. Results This review identified nutrition labelling research from 20 countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle Ea...

Cluster Identification is introduced as the process of jointly evaluating clustering and labelling schemes for cluster-labelling scheme selection. Normalized Rand and BBN metrics for comparing clustering performances across varied clustering and labelling schemes are presented. The merits of the metrics are evaluated and applied for speaker-environment tracking in Broadcast News.

The general disenchantment with command-and-control mechanisms led to pressure to experiment with tools of deregulation which encourage the desired behaviour through financial incentives rather than through legal coercion. Eco-labelling can be seen as a representation of this trend to deregulate environmental protection by allowing industry to make the decision of whether or not to apply for th...