background chitosan is a naturally occurring biopolymer which has been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications including local antibiotic delivery due to its excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability and biocompatibility. beads are spherical, porous carriers which are prepared from various materials including chitosan. objectives the current study aimed to fabricate a new co...

an improved and facile preparation of 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo [3,3,1] nonane(dpt) has been developed starting from urea. in the procedure dpt was synthesized vian,n’-dinitrourea (dnu) as intermediate and various operating parameters such astemperature, ph and molar ratio of reagents have been optimized to give maximum yield ofthe desired product. the low cost method is concise, oper...

Recording activity from identified populations of neurons is a central goal of neuroscience. Changes in membrane depolarization, particularly action potentials, are the most important features of neural physiology to extract, although ions, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, second messengers, and the activation state of specific proteins are also crucial. Modern fluorescence microscopy provid...

A network of virologic laboratories has been established by the World Health Organization to conduct surveillance for wild poliovirus and to provide evidence for the certification of poliomyelitis eradication. The network consists of >60 national laboratories isolating and identifying polioviruses within countries; 16 regional reference laboratories, providing intratypic differentiation of wild...

spinel-type of mno2 nanoparticles which successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal process, have a required capacity for lithium uptake from liquid resources. themost lithium adsorption capacity of 6.6 mmol/g of up to now was found to be an important limiting parameter for industrial applications. therefore, increasing uptake capacity of these ion sieves by studding the effect of six effective ...

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) permit imaging intracellular calcium transients. Among GECIs, the GFP-based GCaMPs are the most widely used because of their high sensitivity and rapid response to changes in intracellular calcium concentrations. Here we report that the fluorescence of GCaMPs--including GCaMP3, GCaMP5 and GCaMP6--can be converted from green to red following exposur...

are intrinsically anisotropic because certain angles of approach of A to BC and of separation of AB from C are preferred, as are certain planes of rotation of the reagent and product molecules. Most of the experimental and theoretical efforts aimed at understanding elementary reactions have been applied to the study of the scalar properties of Reaction 1, such as how the rate of reaction varies...

A library of original and shelf-stable reagents, source the (ethoxycarbonyl)difluoromethylthio group, is reported. These reagents are applied to functionalization a large panel aldehydes via transition metal-free protocol under mild reaction conditions. This approach offers an efficient access valuable difluoromethylthioester derivatives.

An improved and facile preparation of 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo [3,3,1] nonane(DPT) has been developed starting from urea. In the procedure DPT was synthesized viaN,N’-dinitrourea (DNU) as intermediate and various operating parameters such astemperature, pH and molar ratio of reagents have been optimized to give maximum yield ofthe desired product. The low cost method is concise, oper...

! WALLNAUSSER~ has pointed out that TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) as well as other redox indicators such as z,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol can be, successfully employed either as visualizing sprays or as additions to the assay media. Although the use of tetrazolium salts in bioautography is not novel, our experience leads us to believe that their use as visualizing systems in bio...