background the learning environment dramatically affects the learning outcomes of students. noise, inappropriate temperature, insufficient light, overcrowded classes, misplaced boards and inappropriate classroom layout all make up factors that could be confounding variables distracting students in class. this study was conducted to examine the effect of noise in educational institutions on the ...

BACKGROUND The benefits of physical fitness are widely acknowledged and extend across many domains of wellness. The association between fitness and academic achievement, however, remains to be clarified, especially in young children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fitness and academic achievement in elementary school children. METHODS Data were co...

When a group of individuals creates something, credit is usually divided among them. Oddly, that does not apply to scientific papers. The most commonly used performace measure for individual researchers is the h-index, which does not correct for multiple authors. Each author claims full credit for each paper and each ensuing citation. This mismeasure of achievement is fuelling a flagrant increa...

Ecient indexing in a class hierarchy is essential for the achievement of high performance in query evaluation for object database management systems. In this paper, we present a practical indexing scheme, index set, which provides good index con®guration for any real database environment. The proposed scheme considers the distribution of key values, as well as query patterns such as query weig...

This paper investigates the impact of the School Breakfast Program (SBP) on cognitive achievement. The SBP is a federal entitlement program that offers breakfast to any student, including free breakfast for any low-income student, who attends a school that participates in the program. To increase the availability of the SBP, many states mandate that schools participate in the program if the per...

This study investigated the predictive power of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), the General Ability Index (GAI), and the WISC-IV index score composites on subsequent reading and math standardized test scores among high-achieving students. The sample consisted of 84 elementary-age students who received an individual cognitive assessment...

The General Ability Index (GAI) is a composite ability score for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition (WISC–IV) that minimizes the impact of tasks involving working memory and processing speed. The goal of the current study was to compare the degree to which the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and the GAI predict academic achievement in math and reading among a group of 88 children ...

BACKGROUND Most developmental disorders are defined by an achievement discrepancy in which achievement on one or more specific abilities is substantially less than a person's measured intelligence. We evaluated the validity of this discrepancy criterion by assessing parameters that determine variability across abilities and by assessing relationships between achievement discrepancies and behavi...

Interest in the relationship between health behaviours and academic achievement has recently intensified in the face of an epidemic of childhood and adolescent obesity and converging school reforms in the United States and other nations with advanced economies. Epidemiologic research has demonstrated that poor diet and lack of adequate physical activity place children at risk for being overweig...