The term 'emoticons'—short for 'emotion icons'—refers to graphic signs, such as the smiley face, that often accompany computer-mediated textual communication. They are most often characterized as iconic indicators of emotion, conveyed through a communication channel that is parallel to the linguistic one. In this article, it is argued that this conception of emoticons fails to account for some ...

Abstract. In this work we find a closed form expression for matrix averages over the Gaussian ensemble. More precisely, given an n × n Hermitian matrix A and a continuous function f(x) we find a closed form expression for the expectation E(Tr(f(XAX∗))) where X is a Gaussian n × n matrix with complex independent and identically distributed entries of zero mean and variance 1. Taking f(x) = log(1...

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This paper examines the role of communications technology advances in affecting social interactions in groups and organizations. A discussion of the functions of communication and contact leads to the development of the conceptof the 'electronic environment'. Past researchidentifies issuesof . a person's need for contact and the costs and benefits of contact in computer-mediated or other electr...

The broadcast channel is a communication channel in which there is one sender and several receivers, as presented in Fig. 1. The broadcast channel (BC) was first introduced by Cover [4].

We show the equivalence between two different communication schemes that employ a couple of modes of the electromagnetic field. One scheme uses unconventional heterodyne detection, with correlated signal and image-band modes in a twin-beam state from parametric downconversion. The other scheme is realized through a complex-number coding over quadrature-squeezed states of two uncorrelated modes,...

When understood as a communication system, a musical work can be interpreted as data existing within three domains. In this interpretation an absolute domain is interposed as a communication channel between two programatic domains that act respectively as source and receiver. As a source, a programatic domain creates, evolves, organizes, and represents a musical work. When acting as a receiver ...

The phenomenon of chaotic synchronization is investigated from information viewpoint. Synchronization of a "receiver" of chaos with a chaotic "source" is discussed as an ability of the receiver to recover a copy of the chaotic signal generated by the source. Here we show that in terms of the information approach the condition for the chaotic synchronization is not the level of the physical effe...

This paper explores how media representational practices shape and affect current international science and policy or practice communications, through a focus on climate change. Many complex factors contribute to these interactions. The norms and pressures that guide journalistic decision-making and shape mass-media coverage of anthropogenic climate science critically shape current discourses a...

Governments have slowly started to exploit the potentials that social media offer for their external communications. The related work reveals a quite diverse picture both in governments’ quality of social media maintenance as well as in the interaction with citizens. Our aim in this study is to understand the factors that drive governments’ decisions to use social media for their external commu...