Software systems are usually not defined in one big, all-encompassing model, but they consist of a multitude of different views from multiple technological spaces, such as requirements, class diagrams, or source code. These views contain redundancy, i.e., they share some of their information. If redundant information in different views contradicts with each other, the views become inconsistent....

Textual documents proliferate throughout accounting practice, and a wide variety of groups make financial decisions based on written guidance. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAP , along with annual corporate financial statements and other reporting narratives, are important sources of such guidance and information. This paper examines the literature in two major areas relevant to...

Existing knowledge bases, including Wikipedia, are typically written and maintained by a group of voluntary editors. Meanwhile, numerous web documents are being published partly due to the popularization of online news and social media. Some of the web documents, called “vital documents”, contain novel information that should be taken into account in updating articles of the knowledge bases. Ho...

in the background of different sciences, compiling the record of periods is very helpful to better understand and recognize rise and fall of the science. this is also applicable to islamic jurisprudence, which is one branch of islamic sciences. many scholars of jurisprudence science have proposed historical periods for it. but, unfortunately, there has not been recorded any profound research wo...

BACKGROUND When promoting active travel to school, it is important to consider school and district policies as well as attitudes of school and district administrators. METHODS School principals and district officials in South Carolina participated in the School Travel Survey. Frequency distributions and Chi-squared tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Three hundred fourteen persons ...

Most experimental research on content-based automatic recognition and identification of musical documents is founded on statistical distribution of timbre or simple retrieval mechanisms like comparison of melodic segments. Therefore often a vast number of relevant and irrelevant hits including multiple appearances of the same documents are returned or the actual document can’t be revealed at al...

Numerous ancient sources attest that Artemisia of Halicarnassus, a fifth-century bce tyrant whose polis came under Persian rule in 524 bce, figures prominently Xerxes' naval campaign against Greece. At least since Pompeius Trogus' first-century Philippic History, interpretations have juxtaposed her "virile courage" (uirilem audaciam) with "womanish fear" (muliebrem timorem) primarily as means b...

Palm leaf manuscripts were one of the earliest forms of written media and were used in Southeast Asia to store early written knowledge about subjects such as medicine, Buddhist doctrine and astrology. Therefore, historical handwritten palm leaf manuscripts are important for people who like to learn about historical documents, because we can learn more experience from them. This paper presents a...

Handwritten character recognition is always a frontier area of research in the field of pattern recognition and image processing and there is a large demand for OCR on hand written documents. Even though, sufficient studies have performed in foreign scripts like Chinese, Japanese and Arabic characters, only a very few work can be traced for handwritten character recognition of Indian scripts es...